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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Global urbanization has been accelerating over the past few decades, with more than half of the world's population now living in urban areas. This trend is expected to continue, with projections suggesting that by 2050, nearly 70% of people will reside in cities. This shift has been driven by multiple factors, including economic opportunities, better access to healthcare and education, and the desire for a higher standard of living.
One of the primary drivers of urbanization is rural-to-urban migration. In many developing countries, people move to cities in search of better job prospects. Cities tend to offer more diverse employment opportunities compared to rural areas, where agriculture remains the dominant source of income. Additionally, cities provide improved infrastructure, including transportation, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions, which attract migrants seeking better living conditions.
However, rapid urbanization also presents significant challenges. Many cities, especially in developing nations, struggle to provide adequate housing, sanitation, and public services to the growing population. Overcrowding often leads to the development of informal settlements or slums, where living conditions are poor, and access to essential services is limited. Environmental concerns, such as air pollution and waste management, also become more pronounced with urban growth.
To address these issues, city planners and governments are looking for sustainable solutions. Urban planning initiatives that focus on affordable housing, efficient public transport, and green spaces are essential for creating livable cities. By promoting sustainable development, cities can ensure that urbanization benefits all residents while minimizing its negative impacts.
Questions:
Where would the following sentence best fit in the passage?
"Furthermore, rural areas often lack access to essential services, prompting people to seek a better life in cities."
A. After the first sentence of paragraph 1 B. At the beginning of paragraph 2
C. At the end of paragraph 2 D. Before the last sentence of paragraph 3
What does the word "dominant" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Uncommon B. Essential C. Leading D. Decreasing
What does "these issues" in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Improved infrastructure B. Challenges of urbanization
C. Economic opportunities D. Benefits of urban growth
Which of the following is mentioned as a benefit of urban areas compared to rural areas?
A. More agricultural activities B. Improved access to healthcare and education
C. Lower cost of living D. Higher rates of pollution
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The advantages and challenges of global urbanization
B. The benefits of rural development over urban growth
C. The history of urban planning around the world
D. The economic impact of agriculture on cities
Which of the following best paraphrases the second sentence of paragraph 3?
A. Growing cities cannot accommodate new residents and have trouble providing essential services.
B. Urban areas can easily handle the needs of their expanding populations.
C. The growth of cities in developing countries does not affect public services.
D. Many cities have solved the issues of overcrowding and sanitation.
What is the opposite of "overcrowding" as used in paragraph 3?
A. Congestion B. Expansion C. Underpopulation D. Density
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge caused by rapid urbanization?
A. Lack of affordable housing B. Poor transportation infrastructure
C. Limited access to public services D. Environmental concerns
What can be inferred from the passage about the future of urbanization?
A. Urbanization is expected to slow down by 2050.
B. Rural areas will develop faster than urban areas.
C. Cities need to adopt sustainable solutions to manage urban growth.
D. Job opportunities in rural areas will surpass those in cities.
Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Urbanization has improved the quality of life for all city residents.
B. Despite the benefits of urbanization, rapid urban growth presents serious challenges that require sustainable solutions.
C. Rural migration is the only reason for the increasing population in cities.
D. Urbanization negatively impacts the environment without any benefits.
Answers and Explanations:
B - The sentence would fit at the beginning of paragraph 2 to introduce why rural residents move to cities.
C - "Dominant" means leading or most important.
B - "These issues" refers to challenges such as inadequate housing and sanitation.
B - Improved healthcare and education are listed as benefits of urban living.
A - The passage discusses both the benefits and challenges of urbanization.
A - The paraphrased sentence highlights the difficulty cities face in accommodating new residents.
C - The opposite of overcrowding is underpopulation.
B - Poor transportation infrastructure is not explicitly mentioned as a challenge.
C - The passage suggests the need for sustainable solutions to handle future urban growth.
B - The passage concludes that urban growth has benefits but also serious challenges that need to be addressed sustainably.
THẦY CÔ TẢI NHÉ!
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GLOBAL URBANISATION
Global urbanization has been accelerating over the past few decades, with more than half of the world's population now living in urban areas. This trend is expected to continue, with projections suggesting that by 2050, nearly 70% of people will reside in cities. This shift has been driven by multiple factors, including economic opportunities, better access to healthcare and education, and the desire for a higher standard of living.
One of the primary drivers of urbanization is rural-to-urban migration. In many developing countries, people move to cities in search of better job prospects. Cities tend to offer more diverse employment opportunities compared to rural areas, where agriculture remains the dominant source of income. Additionally, cities provide improved infrastructure, including transportation, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions, which attract migrants seeking better living conditions.
However, rapid urbanization also presents significant challenges. Many cities, especially in developing nations, struggle to provide adequate housing, sanitation, and public services to the growing population. Overcrowding often leads to the development of informal settlements or slums, where living conditions are poor, and access to essential services is limited. Environmental concerns, such as air pollution and waste management, also become more pronounced with urban growth.
To address these issues, city planners and governments are looking for sustainable solutions. Urban planning initiatives that focus on affordable housing, efficient public transport, and green spaces are essential for creating livable cities. By promoting sustainable development, cities can ensure that urbanization benefits all residents while minimizing its negative impacts.
Questions:
Where would the following sentence best fit in the passage?
"Furthermore, rural areas often lack access to essential services, prompting people to seek a better life in cities."
A. After the first sentence of paragraph 1 B. At the beginning of paragraph 2
C. At the end of paragraph 2 D. Before the last sentence of paragraph 3
What does the word "dominant" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Uncommon B. Essential C. Leading D. Decreasing
What does "these issues" in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Improved infrastructure B. Challenges of urbanization
C. Economic opportunities D. Benefits of urban growth
Which of the following is mentioned as a benefit of urban areas compared to rural areas?
A. More agricultural activities B. Improved access to healthcare and education
C. Lower cost of living D. Higher rates of pollution
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The advantages and challenges of global urbanization
B. The benefits of rural development over urban growth
C. The history of urban planning around the world
D. The economic impact of agriculture on cities
Which of the following best paraphrases the second sentence of paragraph 3?
A. Growing cities cannot accommodate new residents and have trouble providing essential services.
B. Urban areas can easily handle the needs of their expanding populations.
C. The growth of cities in developing countries does not affect public services.
D. Many cities have solved the issues of overcrowding and sanitation.
What is the opposite of "overcrowding" as used in paragraph 3?
A. Congestion B. Expansion C. Underpopulation D. Density
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge caused by rapid urbanization?
A. Lack of affordable housing B. Poor transportation infrastructure
C. Limited access to public services D. Environmental concerns
What can be inferred from the passage about the future of urbanization?
A. Urbanization is expected to slow down by 2050.
B. Rural areas will develop faster than urban areas.
C. Cities need to adopt sustainable solutions to manage urban growth.
D. Job opportunities in rural areas will surpass those in cities.
Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Urbanization has improved the quality of life for all city residents.
B. Despite the benefits of urbanization, rapid urban growth presents serious challenges that require sustainable solutions.
C. Rural migration is the only reason for the increasing population in cities.
D. Urbanization negatively impacts the environment without any benefits.
Answers and Explanations:
B - The sentence would fit at the beginning of paragraph 2 to introduce why rural residents move to cities.
C - "Dominant" means leading or most important.
B - "These issues" refers to challenges such as inadequate housing and sanitation.
B - Improved healthcare and education are listed as benefits of urban living.
A - The passage discusses both the benefits and challenges of urbanization.
A - The paraphrased sentence highlights the difficulty cities face in accommodating new residents.
C - The opposite of overcrowding is underpopulation.
B - Poor transportation infrastructure is not explicitly mentioned as a challenge.
C - The passage suggests the need for sustainable solutions to handle future urban growth.
B - The passage concludes that urban growth has benefits but also serious challenges that need to be addressed sustainably.
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