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UNIT 1 GRAMMAR

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Present time: present simple, present continue, present perfect simple, stative verbs



Present simple

Form Statement: I/you/we/they travel…. He/she/it travels… Negative: I/you/we/they don’t travel… He/she/it doesn’t travel…. Question: Do I/you/we/they travel…..? Does he/she/it travel…..?

Use	Example
Current habits	Toby works to work.
To talk about how often things happen	Angela doesn’t visit us very often.
Permanent situations	Carlo walks in a travel agent’s.
States	Do you have an up-to-date passport?
General truths and facts	Poland is in the European Union

Watch out:

We can also use do/does in present simple statements for emphasis.

“you don’t like going by bus do you?” “Actually, I do like going by bus far short distances”.

The bus isn’t quicker than the train but it does stop right outside the factory.



Present continuous:

Form: statement: I am driving…you/we/they/are driving…he/she/it is driving negative: I’m not driving…you/we/they/aren’t driving…or you’re /we’re / they’re not driving… He/she/it isn’t driving…or he’s/she’s/it’s not driving question: Am/driving..? Are you/we/they driving..? Is he/she/it driving..?

Use	Example
Actions happen now	Mike is driving to work at the moment.
Temporary series of action	Taxi driver aren’t stopping at the train station because of the roadworks
Temporary situations	Are they staying in a hotel near the Olympic stadium?
Changing and developing situations	Holidays abroad are becoming increasingly popular
Annoying habits(usually with always)	Dad is always cleaning the car when i want to use it!

Present perfect simple

Form: have/has+past participle Statement : I/you/we/they have flown…. He/she/it has flown Negative: I/you/we/they haven’t flown…. He/she/it hasn’t flown Question: Have I/you/we/they flown…? Has he/she/it flown…?

Use	Example
Situations and states that started in the past and are still true	He’s had her motorbike for over six years.
A series of actions continuing up to now	We’ve travelled by taxi, bus, plane and train-all in the last twenty-four hours!
Completed actions at a time in the past which is not mentioned	Have you ever flown in a helicopter.
Completed actions where the important thing is the	I’ve booked the coach tickets.

Watch out:

* Phrases such as It’s the first/second/etc time ... are followed by the present perfect simple. It’s the second time I’ve been on a plane

US vs UK

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