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tác giả
TÀI LIỆU TỔNG HỢP Ngữ pháp và bài tập tiếng anh 8 global success HỌC KÌ 2 NĂM 2023 - 2024 được soạn dưới dạng file word gồm 2 THƯ MỤC trang. Các bạn xem và tải về ở dưới.
A. VOCABULARY
B. PRONUNCIATION
C. GRAMMAR
Complex sentences with adverb clauses of time (Câu phức chứa mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Câu phức bao gồm một mệnh đề độc lập (mệnh đề chính) và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc:
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ là mệnh đề phụ thuộc
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian diễn tả thời điểm xảy ra sự việc nào đó và thường chứa các liên từ nối thời gian đứng trước như: when (khi, vào lúc), while, as (trong khi), until / till (cho đến khi), as soon as, once (ngay khi), before, by the time (trước khi), after (sau khi), as long as, so long as (chừng nào, miễn là), since (từ khi)...
Example: I won’t leave until my friend arrives.
- Hai vế mệnh đề có thể hoán đổi vị trí cho nhau. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu. Nếu mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đứng ở đầu câu sẽ ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
- Khi chia động từ, cần lưu ý mối liên hệ về thời giữa 2 vế mệnh đề. Thông thường 2 vế sẽ chia cùng thời gian: quá khứ - quá khứ; hiện tại - hiện tại; hiện tại - tương lai
D. PRACTICE
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with bl or cl to complete the words.
1. The sky was __ue and __ean.
2. We need to esta__ish a __ear objective.
3. The __ast from the bomb __ew out all the windows.
4. They __aim that their new drug can control __ood pressure.
5. Pu__ic conviction about the increase of natural disasters has de__ined.
6. He is the best __ogger writing about global warming and __imate change.
7. They ex__uded people under 18 from joining volunteer __ubs.
8. The college authorities have made English __asses __oigatory.
9. We had various pro__ems on our journey, in__uding traffic jams.
10. __ouds of thick __ack smoke billowed from the car’s exhaust.
II. Underline the words having sound /bl/ or /kl/ in the sentences.
1. Environmental groups plan to raise public awareness about deforestation.
2. The convention established principles to save marine life.
3. They classify lizards as endangered species.
4. We could hear the birds clearly from our garden.
5. The locals clamoured to stop polluting the river.
6. Corals in oceans can be yellow, blue, or green.
7. The declaration asked authorities to protect the environment.
8. Many hunters keep the wild animals in closed cages.
9. The volcano unexpectedly blew up early in the morning.
10. We’ll try to widen the discussion to include environmental issues.
B. VOCABULARY
I. Name the pictures of greeting styles in the world. Use the phrases in the box.
Answer:
II. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
1. __________________ is throwing garbage onto the ground instead of into a trash can.
2. A
__________________ is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction.
3. __________________ is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
4. A __________________ is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
5. Energy conservation and __________________ are growing concerns in the world.
6. A __________________ is an indicator that accounts for greenhouse gases emitted by human activity.
7. __________________ is Earth’s most important greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and radiates heat.
8. __________________ items are products designed to be used only once before they are discarded.
9. Cars, trucks, buses, off-road vehicles and planes are all considered mobile sources of ____________.
10. __________________ such as plastic bag stays in the environment for many years after it has been used.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. We should not only ____________ more trees but also put much more effort into protecting existing forests.
A. plant B. reduce C. stop D. cut down
2. Lead and aluminium are common ____________ that can be found in drinking water.
A. contamination B. contaminated C. contaminates D. contaminants
3. People all over the world are working to help save ____________ animals from extinction.
A. danger B. endangered C. dangerous D. dangerously
4. A ____________ is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions.
A. carbon footprint B. carbon dioxide C. global warming D. ecosystem
5. Some manufacturers offered incentives for return of batteries, so that they can ____________ or dispose of them safely.
A. waste B. dump C. recycle D. throw away
6. ____________ power is the use of wind energy to generate useful work.
A. Natural gas B. Coal C. Oil D. Wind
7. ____________ pollution is the contamination of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.
A. Water B. Air C. Soil D. Noise8. Around
8. Around 7 million ____________ of plants and animals exist on the Earth.
A. means B. classes C. styles D. species
9. Forest fires do not only ____________ in environmental damage but also huge costs in extinguishing the fires.
A. contribute B. result C. lead D. create
10. Cars and trucks pump out thousands of tonnes of poisonous ____________ every year.
A. pollutants B. exhaust pipes C. fumes D. chemicals
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. ____________ species, if not protected, could eventually become extinct. (danger)
2. Is afforestation the best way to ____________ the environment? (conservation)
3. Instead of ____________ the entire garden, just water the plants that need it. (water)
4. Cuc Phuong ____________ Park is a famous tourist destination in Ninh Binh province. (Nation)
5. Chemicals or particles in the air can ____________ the health of humans, animals, and plants. (harmful)
6. It’s estimated that the global ____________ of the world’s ecosystem services equals $125 trillion annually. (valuable)
7. For many ____________, the world seems to be getting worse in their eyes. (environment)
8. Earth’s climate has remained continuously ____________ throughout 3 or 4 billion years. (habitat)
9. There should be ____________ of volunteers and active participation of young people in environmental protection. (encourage)
10. The five major air ____________ are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and airborne solid particles. (pollute)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Decide whether the underlined part is an independent clause (I) or a dependent clause (D).
1. As soon as there’s smoke, I start feeling bad. _____
2. The traffic conditions worsen until they are repaired. _____
3. We’ll update this post on our social media as soon as we finish it. _____
4. Harry met an old friend while he was vacationing in California. _____
5. Will we be able to address climate change before it is too late? _____
6. A man is in a critical condition after he is struck by lightning. _____
7. Only run your dishwasher or washing machine when it’s full. _____
8. Carbon Is released back into the atmosphere when plants and animals die. _____
9. You can get really creative when it comes to conserving water. _____
10. The firefighters will keep on searching till they find the last victim. _____
II. Match the clauses.
Answer:
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. America says it ____________ until other countries ____________ more action.
A. won’t act - took B. won’t act – take
C. doesn’t act - will take D. acts - don’t take
2. ____________ you buy and use a plastic bag, ask yourself if you really need it.
A. Before B. When C. While D. After
3. ____________ the arrival of humans on Earth, species became extinct naturally.
A. Before B. Since C. After D. As soon as
4. ____________ my little cousin saw the tiger in the cage, he cried out.
A. Before B. Since C. When D. Until
5. As soon as we ____________ risks of climate change, we all ____________ together to fight against them.
A. realize - worked B. realized - worked C. realized - work D. will realize – work
6. ____________ I get to school, I will show you my writing about the habitat of polar bear.
A. As soon as B. While C. Until D. Till
7. ____________ fossil fuels are burnt, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air.
A. Till B. Until C. Before D. When
8. Most species don’t receive protection ____________ their populations reduce to nearly zero.
A. as B. when C. before D. until
9. Until there ____________ heavy penalties for environmental violations, many factories disposing pollutants into the air.
A. are - won’t stop B. will be - will stop
C. were - won’t stop D. are – stopped
10. The greenhouse effect ____________ after energy from the sun ____________ through the earth’s atmosphere and ____________ its surface.
A. occurred - goes - heats B. occurs - went – heats
C. occurs - goes - heated D. occurs - goes - heats
IV. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Solar energy needs to be converted into electricity after we can use it.
A. needs to be B. into C. after D. can use it
2. Will the climate still be in warming state after greenhouse emissions stopped?
A. still be B. warning C. after D. stopped
3. When a species of plants or animals are in danger of extinction, it is gradually disappearing.
A. When B. species C. are D. it
4. Who is responsible when climate change harms the world’s the poorest countries?
A. is B. when C. harms D. the poorest
5. When fossil fuels are burnt, they released greenhouse gases - mostly carbon dioxide.
A. When B. burnt C. released D. mostly
6. We will contact the people in charge and will get back to you as soon as we could.
A. will contact B. will get back C. as soon as D. could
7. You will need to know your carbon footprint after you start reducing it.
A. need to know B. after C. reducing D. it
8. Technology has a long way to go before it could make a large impact in the atmosphere.
A. has B. to go C. it could make D. in
9. As soon as the snow will melt, spring wildflowers push their way up through the leaf litter.
A. As soon as B. will melt C. push D. litter
10. Single-use plastic products are thrown away immediately until they have served their purpose.
A. Single-use plastic B. away C. until D. their
D. SPEAKING
I. Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.
___ Yes, it’s hot because it’s the beginning of summer.
___ That seems the logical things. I hope it will be better soon because we can’t live healthily in this hot weather and the polluted environment. I can’t imagine how life on Earth will look like in the next 100 years.
___ I think reducing pollution is not easy at all. Human life requires the producing of goods, so natural resources are exploited to make products. Then waste will still be created and people will pollute the environment again and again.
___ Well, it’s not easy, but it’s possible. Many countries are trying to recycle things and look for new sources of energy. They also issue laws and have lots of programs to protect the environment.
_1_ Do you find that it’s hotter these days?
___ How can recycling things and finding new sources of energy help to reduce pollution?
___ Yeah, it’s hard to imagine...
___ If people recycle more things, they will use fewer natural resources and there will be less waste. New sources of energy can replace the using of fossil fuels which results in most types of pollution.
___ Maybe you’re right because the earth’s temperature increases year by year. This won’t stop until people can reduce all types of pollution which causes the global warming.
___ No, I mean this year is hotter than last year.
II. Match the sentences.
Answer:
E. READING
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
Plastic bags cause many negative effects for US and the environment. No one knows exactly how many bags are littering the planet, but researchers estimate that 500 billion are used around the globe each year. It sounds interesting when we could get money in exchange for our plastic trash.
This happens at a company called the Plastic Bank. The Bank creates social and environmental impact in areas with high levels of poverty and plastic pollution by turning plastic waste into a currency. By exchanging plastic for money, they can stop plastic from polluting the environment and help people living in poverty to build their better future.
To do this, the Plastic Bank buy plastic waste at a high price so that they can encourage people to collect it. People can exchange plastic waste for money, items, or services. Plastic collected through the Bank is recycled and processed into new raw material feedstock, called Social Plastic, which can be purchased by manufacturers to produce more environmentally and socially ethical products. In this way, new opportunities are created for the world’s most disadvantaged communities and recycling becomes dignified work.
1. ____ Researchers can know exactly how many plastic bags are littering the planet.
2. ____ People could get money in exchange for their plastic trash at a company called the Plastic Bank.
3. ____ The Plastic Bank give money and plastic bags to the poor.
4. ____ The Plastic Bank has good effects on people and the environment.
5. ____ The Plastic Bank helps to stop plastic from polluting the environment.
6. ____ Manufacturers purchase plastic raw materials from many collectors.
7. ____ Social Plastic is the material recycled and processed by Plastic Bank.
8. The Plastic Bank creates nothing for disadvantaged communities, but dignified work.
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
Just off the coast of Queensland in Australia lies the largest (1) _____________ nature reserve, Great Barrier Reef. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1981, this splendid ecosystem runs across 2600 km and is made of thousands of coral reefs and (2) _____________ for a wide range of species. The breathtaking scene under the water attracts and astounds snorkelers, divers, and (3) _____________ enthusiasts. Extending over 340,000 square kilometers, it provides shelter to a range of animal and vegetable variety and (4) _____________. Despite the effects of climate change, this area of the Pacific Ocean (5) _____________ a cornerstone of the canvas of biodiversity. The beauty of the nature reserve is that it can be explored by the sea and the sky. The diversity is unmatched and unparallel to none other and is a snorkeling and scuba diving haven for those who seek adventure at every juncture. For the ones who are not inclined (6) _____________, you can see the beautiful coral formations in all its (7) _____________ colors from a plane. Every year, this World Heritage listed site is frequented by about 1.5 million visitors. Diving, snorkeling, scuba diving are just some ways to (8) _____________ this diverse and rich ecosystem. You could also try sailing, scenic flights, and others to try the ways to explore the getaway towns and scenic islands along the reef.
F. WRITING
I. Combine the pairs of the sentences, using the conjunction in the brackets.
1. Ice sheets and glaciers are shrinking. Sea levels are rising at the same time. (while)
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. The atmosphere changes and the heat increases. It can cause a number of problems. (when)
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. We can solve any problem. It’s important to understand it first. (before)
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. We should alway turn off the lights. And then we leave a room. (as soon as)
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. You go to the toilet. Wash your hands thoroughly then. (after)
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. We have killed off all our marine life. We must not wait till then. (until)
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. The disaster passes. Then people will need money and determination to rebuild. (after)
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. Balloons are released into the air. They become deadly litter right after that. (as soon as)
__________________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. The rivers and canals are dry because there are many dams in the upstream.
à Due to
2. The ocean water became contaminated by liquid petroleum as a result of the oil spills.
à Because of
3. Unless treated waste water is used and managed properly, health effects will occur.
à If
4. People continue using plastic, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
à Unless
5. The reason why endangered species become extinct is that humans are careless and lack of knowledge.
à Since
6. We can’t slow down climate change unless we stop using fossil fuels.
à If
7. Let’s encourage our friends to use reusable bags instead of plastic ones.
à Why
8. It’s a good idea for the governments to punish the polluters with large fines.
à The governments should
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with bl or cl to complete the words.
1. The sky was __ue and __ean.
2. We need to esta__ish a __ear objective.
3. The __ast from the bomb __ew out all the windows.
4. They __aim that their new drug can control __ood pressure.
5. Pu__ic conviction about the increase of natural disasters has de__ined.
6. He is the best __ogger writing about global warming and __imate change.
7. They ex__uded people under 18 from joining volunteer __ubs.
8. The college authorities have made English __asses __oigatory.
9. We had various pro__ems on our journey, in__uding traffic jams.
10. __ouds of thick __ack smoke billowed from the car’s exhaust.
II. Underline the words having sound /bl/ or /kl/ in the sentences.
1. Environmental groups plan to raise public awareness about deforestation.
2. The convention established principles to save marine life.
3. They classify lizards as endangered species.
4. We could hear the birds clearly from our garden.
5. The locals clamoured to stop polluting the river.
6. Corals in oceans can be yellow, blue, or green.
7. The declaration asked authorities to protect the environment.
8. Many hunters keep the wild animals in closed cages.
9. The volcano unexpectedly blew up early in the morning.
10. We’ll try to widen the discussion to include environmental issues.
B. VOCABULARY
I. Name the pictures of greeting styles in the world. Use the phrases in the box.
Answer:
II. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
1. __________________ is throwing garbage onto the ground instead of into a trash can.
2. A __________________ is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction.
3. __________________ is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
4. A __________________ is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
5. Energy conservation and __________________ are growing concerns in the world.
6. A __________________ is an indicator that accounts for greenhouse gases emitted by human activity.
7. __________________ is Earth’s most important greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and radiates heat.
8. __________________ items are products designed to be used only once before they are discarded.
9. Cars, trucks, buses, off-road vehicles and planes are all considered mobile sources of ____________.
10. __________________ such as plastic bag stays in the environment for many years after it has been used.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. We should not only ____________ more trees but also put much more effort into protecting existing forests.
A. plant B. reduce C. stop D. cut down
2. Lead and aluminium are common ____________ that can be found in drinking water.
A. contamination B. contaminated C. contaminates D. contaminants
3. People all over the world are working to help save ____________ animals from extinction.
A. danger B. endangered C. dangerous D. dangerously
4. A ____________ is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions.
A. carbon footprint B. carbon dioxide C. global warming D. ecosystem
5. Some manufacturers offered incentives for return of batteries, so that they can ____________ or dispose of them safely.
A. waste B. dump C. recycle D. throw away
6. ____________ power is the use of wind energy to generate useful work.
A. Natural gas B. Coal C. Oil D. Wind
7. ____________ pollution is the contamination of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.
A. Water B. Air C. Soil D. Noise8. Around
8. Around 7 million ____________ of plants and animals exist on the Earth.
A. means B. classes C. styles D. species
9. Forest fires do not only ____________ in environmental damage but also huge costs in extinguishing the fires.
A. contribute B. result C. lead D. create
10. Cars and trucks pump out thousands of tonnes of poisonous ____________ every year.
A. pollutants B. exhaust pipes C. fumes D. chemicals
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. ____________ species, if not protected, could eventually become extinct. (danger)
2. Is afforestation the best way to ____________ the environment? (conservation)
3. Instead of ____________ the entire garden, just water the plants that need it. (water)
4. Cuc Phuong ____________ Park is a famous tourist destination in Ninh Binh province. (Nation)
5. Chemicals or particles in the air can ____________ the health of humans, animals, and plants. (harmful)
6. It’s estimated that the global ____________ of the world’s ecosystem services equals $125 trillion annually. (valuable)
7. For many ____________, the world seems to be getting worse in their eyes. (environment)
8. Earth’s climate has remained continuously ____________ throughout 3 or 4 billion years. (habitat)
9. There should be ____________ of volunteers and active participation of young people in environmental protection. (encourage)
10. The five major air ____________ are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and airborne solid particles. (pollute)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Decide whether the underlined part is an independent clause (I) or a dependent clause (D).
1. As soon as there’s smoke, I start feeling bad. _____
2. The traffic conditions worsen until they are repaired. _____
3. We’ll update this post on our social media as soon as we finish it. _____
4. Harry met an old friend while he was vacationing in California. _____
5. Will we be able to address climate change before it is too late? _____
6. A man is in a critical condition after he is struck by lightning. _____
7. Only run your dishwasher or washing machine when it’s full. _____
8. Carbon Is released back into the atmosphere when plants and animals die. _____
9. You can get really creative when it comes to conserving water. _____
10. The firefighters will keep on searching till they find the last victim. _____
II. Match the clauses.
Answer:
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. America says it ____________ until other countries ____________ more action.
A. won’t act - took B. won’t act – take
C. doesn’t act - will take D. acts - don’t take
2. ____________ you buy and use a plastic bag, ask yourself if you really need it.
A. Before B. When C. While D. After
3. ____________ the arrival of humans on Earth, species became extinct naturally.
A. Before B. Since C. After D. As soon as
4. ____________ my little cousin saw the tiger in the cage, he cried out.
A. Before B. Since C. When D. Until
5. As soon as we ____________ risks of climate change, we all ____________ together to fight against them.
A. realize - worked B. realized - worked C. realized - work D. will realize – work
6. ____________ I get to school, I will show you my writing about the habitat of polar bear.
A. As soon as B. While C. Until D. Till
7. ____________ fossil fuels are burnt, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air.
A. Till B. Until C. Before D. When
8. Most species don’t receive protection ____________ their populations reduce to nearly zero.
A. as B. when C. before D. until
9. Until there ____________ heavy penalties for environmental violations, many factories disposing pollutants into the air.
A. are - won’t stop B. will be - will stop
C. were - won’t stop D. are – stopped
10. The greenhouse effect ____________ after energy from the sun ____________ through the earth’s atmosphere and ____________ its surface.
A. occurred - goes - heats B. occurs - went – heats
C. occurs - goes - heated D. occurs - goes - heats
IV. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Solar energy needs to be converted into electricity after we can use it.
A. needs to be B. into C. after D. can use it
2. Will the climate still be in warming state after greenhouse emissions stopped?
A. still be B. warning C. after D. stopped
3. When a species of plants or animals are in danger of extinction, it is gradually disappearing.
A. When B. species C. are D. it
4. Who is responsible when climate change harms the world’s the poorest countries?
A. is B. when C. harms D. the poorest
5. When fossil fuels are burnt, they released greenhouse gases - mostly carbon dioxide.
A. When B. burnt C. released D. mostly
6. We will contact the people in charge and will get back to you as soon as we could.
A. will contact B. will get back C. as soon as D. could
7. You will need to know your carbon footprint after you start reducing it.
A. need to know B. after C. reducing D. it
8. Technology has a long way to go before it could make a large impact in the atmosphere.
A. has B. to go C. it could make D. in
9. As soon as the snow will melt, spring wildflowers push their way up through the leaf litter.
A. As soon as B. will melt C. push D. litter
10. Single-use plastic products are thrown away immediately until they have served their purpose.
A. Single-use plastic B. away C. until D. their
D. SPEAKING
I. Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.
___ Yes, it’s hot because it’s the beginning of summer.
___ That seems the logical things. I hope it will be better soon because we can’t live healthily in this hot weather and the polluted environment. I can’t imagine how life on Earth will look like in the next 100 years.
___ I think reducing pollution is not easy at all. Human life requires the producing of goods, so natural resources are exploited to make products. Then waste will still be created and people will pollute the environment again and again.
___ Well, it’s not easy, but it’s possible. Many countries are trying to recycle things and look for new sources of energy. They also issue laws and have lots of programs to protect the environment.
_1_ Do you find that it’s hotter these days?
___ How can recycling things and finding new sources of energy help to reduce pollution?
___ Yeah, it’s hard to imagine...
___ If people recycle more things, they will use fewer natural resources and there will be less waste. New sources of energy can replace the using of fossil fuels which results in most types of pollution.
___ Maybe you’re right because the earth’s temperature increases year by year. This won’t stop until people can reduce all types of pollution which causes the global warming.
___ No, I mean this year is hotter than last year.
II. Match the sentences.
Answer:
E. READING
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
Plastic bags cause many negative effects for US and the environment. No one knows exactly how many bags are littering the planet, but researchers estimate that 500 billion are used around the globe each year. It sounds interesting when we could get money in exchange for our plastic trash.
This happens at a company called the Plastic Bank. The Bank creates social and environmental impact in areas with high levels of poverty and plastic pollution by turning plastic waste into a currency. By exchanging plastic for money, they can stop plastic from polluting the environment and help people living in poverty to build their better future.
To do this, the Plastic Bank buy plastic waste at a high price so that they can encourage people to collect it. People can exchange plastic waste for money, items, or services. Plastic collected through the Bank is recycled and processed into new raw material feedstock, called Social Plastic, which can be purchased by manufacturers to produce more environmentally and socially ethical products. In this way, new opportunities are created for the world’s most disadvantaged communities and recycling becomes dignified work.
1. ____ Researchers can know exactly how many plastic bags are littering the planet.
2. ____ People could get money in exchange for their plastic trash at a company called the Plastic Bank.
3. ____ The Plastic Bank give money and plastic bags to the poor.
4. ____ The Plastic Bank has good effects on people and the environment.
5. ____ The Plastic Bank helps to stop plastic from polluting the environment.
6. ____ Manufacturers purchase plastic raw materials from many collectors.
7. ____ Social Plastic is the material recycled and processed by Plastic Bank.
8. The Plastic Bank creates nothing for disadvantaged communities, but dignified work.
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
Just off the coast of Queensland in Australia lies the largest (1) _____________ nature reserve, Great Barrier Reef. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1981, this splendid ecosystem runs across 2600 km and is made of thousands of coral reefs and (2) _____________ for a wide range of species. The breathtaking scene under the water attracts and astounds snorkelers, divers, and (3) _____________ enthusiasts. Extending over 340,000 square kilometers, it provides shelter to a range of animal and vegetable variety and (4) _____________. Despite the effects of climate change, this area of the Pacific Ocean (5) _____________ a cornerstone of the canvas of biodiversity. The beauty of the nature reserve is that it can be explored by the sea and the sky. The diversity is unmatched and unparallel to none other and is a snorkeling and scuba diving haven for those who seek adventure at every juncture. For the ones who are not inclined (6) _____________, you can see the beautiful coral formations in all its (7) _____________ colors from a plane. Every year, this World Heritage listed site is frequented by about 1.5 million visitors. Diving, snorkeling, scuba diving are just some ways to (8) _____________ this diverse and rich ecosystem. You could also try sailing, scenic flights, and others to try the ways to explore the getaway towns and scenic islands along the reef.
F. WRITING
I. Combine the pairs of the sentences, using the conjunction in the brackets.
1. Ice sheets and glaciers are shrinking. Sea levels are rising at the same time. (while)
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. The atmosphere changes and the heat increases. It can cause a number of problems. (when)
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. We can solve any problem. It’s important to understand it first. (before)
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. We should alway turn off the lights. And then we leave a room. (as soon as)
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. You go to the toilet. Wash your hands thoroughly then. (after)
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. We have killed off all our marine life. We must not wait till then. (until)
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. The disaster passes. Then people will need money and determination to rebuild. (after)
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. Balloons are released into the air. They become deadly litter right after that. (as soon as)
__________________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. The rivers and canals are dry because there are many dams in the upstream.
à Due to
2. The ocean water became contaminated by liquid petroleum as a result of the oil spills.
à Because of
3. Unless treated waste water is used and managed properly, health effects will occur.
à If
4. People continue using plastic, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
à Unless
5. The reason why endangered species become extinct is that humans are careless and lack of knowledge.
à Since
6. We can’t slow down climate change unless we stop using fossil fuels.
à If
7. Let’s encourage our friends to use reusable bags instead of plastic ones.
à Why
8. It’s a good idea for the governments to punish the polluters with large fines.
à The governments should
A. Pronunciation
I.
1. The clock on the wall is blue.
2. He climbed the tree and got a lot of blackberries.
3. Don’t blame me for your broken ankle.
4. He posts messages, photos, and video dips on his blog.
5. The blonde girl went to buy pickles.
II.
B. Vocabulary & Grammar
I.
II.
III.
IV. Combine each pair of sentences, using the connector given.
1. We were planting trees while our friends were collecting rubbish. (Our friends were collecting rubbish while we were planting trees.)
2. The choir practised for half an hour before they went on stage. /before going on stage. (Before they went on stage, the choir practised for half an hour)
3. After I read my favourite book/ After reading my favourite book, I went to bed. (I went go to bed after I read my favourite book./ after reading my favourite book.
4. When the bell rang everyone raced out of the classroom. (Everyone raced out of the classroom when the bell rang.)
5. Don’t go away yet until you finish cleaning up the place first.
6. Whenever my sister makes a mess, my mum makes her weed the garden. (My mum makes her weed the garden whenever my sister makes a mess.)
V.
1. After I finish putting these things away, I’ll give you a hand.
2. Wherever you go, you can always find good people.
3. While I was watering the flowers, my sister was cooking dinner.
4. We had a hard time finding the way to our hotel when we were in Bangkok.
5. Before you leave your room, you should turn of the lights.
6. We were impressed by the beautiful buildings when we visited Saint Peterburg.
VI.
C. Speaking
I. Work in pairs. Make a conversation to ask for and give clarification for the following.
- soil pollution
- climate change
A: What does “soil pollution” mean?/What do you mean by “soil pollution”?
B: “Soil pollution” is the presence of toxic chemicals in soil.
A: And what does “climate change” means?/ What do you mean by “climate change”?
B: It is long-term changes in temperatures and weather patterns.
A. Oh, thank you.
II. Work with your partner. Read through the following list and discuss what practices you are likely to adapt and which are not practical.
1. Recycling and buying products made from recycled materials
2. Avoiding buying things you don’t need
3. Minimizing waste and avoiding excessive packaging
4. Buying only energy efficient appliances
5. Planting more trees and flowers 6. Growing your own garden
III. Interview three students in your class (e.g. A, B, C) about the activity, activities they often do or would like to do to help the environment their neighborhood. Then fill in the form below.
Work in groups and report your findings.
D. Reading
I.
II.
III.
E. Writing
I. Complete the following sentences, using the words and phrases given.
1. We should finish cleaning the house before mum gets home.
2. Don’t talk to the driver while he is driving.
3. After the Earth Hour was over, we saved a lot of power.
4. A fire started as soon as the boys left the campsite.
5. The villagers won’t have electricity until they install a new generator.
6. Whenever you can, follow the three R’s to conserve natural resources.
II.
III. Write a paragraph (80 -100 words) about Cue Phuong National Park, using the following facts. You can refer to the reading text in the Student’s Book.
Cuc Phuong National Park
Location: Nho Quan District, Ninh Binh Province
Opened: 1962
Area: about 222 sq. km
Viet Nam’s first and largest national park
Rich diversity of plants and animals
Many species in the Viet Nam Red Book of Endangered Species
Endangered Primate Rescue Centre and Turtle Conservation Centre
Cuc Phuong National Park is located in Nho Quan District, Ninh Binh Province. It became a national park in 1962. Its area is about 222 sq. km. It was Viet Nam’s first national park and it is now still the largest. This park has a rich diversity of plants and animals. Many species in the Viet Nam Red Book of Endangered Species are found here. The park has the Endangered Primate Rescue Centre and Turtle Conservation Centre which help to save a lot of species from extinction.
DÀNH CHO GIÁO VIÊN
DÀNH CHO HỌC SINH
UNIT 7.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
A. VOCABULARY
No. | Word | Part of speech | Pronunciation | Meaning |
| 1 | Blast | n | /blɑːst/ | Vụ nổ |
| 2 | Carbon dioxide | n | /ˌkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd/ | Khí đi-ô-xít các-bon |
3 | Carbon footprint | n, phr | /ˌkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ | Dấu chân các-bon (tổng lượng khí nhà kính (trong đó chủ yếu là khí đi-ô-xít các-bon) thải vào khí quyển bởi các hoạt động cụ thể của con người) |
| 4 | Conservation | n | /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ | Sự bảo tồn |
| 5 | Consumption | n | /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ | Sự tiêu thụ |
| 6 | Coral | n | /ˈkɒrəl/ | San hô |
| 7 | Dugong | n | /ˈduːɡɒŋ/ | Cá cúi, bò biển |
| 8 | Ecosystem | n | /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ | Hệ sinh thái |
| 9 | Endangered species | n, phr | /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd ˈspiːʃiːz/ | Những loài có nguy có bị tuyệt chủng |
| 10 | Environmental | adj | /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ | Thuộc về môi trường |
| 11 | Extinction | n | /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ | Sự tuyệt chủng |
| 12 | Face | v | /feɪs/ | Đối mặt |
| 13 | Habitat | n | /ˈhæbɪtæt/ | Môi trường sống |
| 14 | Litter | n, v | /ˈlɪtər/ | Rác, xả rác |
| 15 | Marine | adj | /mə'ri:n/ | Thuộc hàng hải |
| 16 | Medicinal | adj | /məˈdɪsɪnl/ | Dùng làm thuốc chữa bệnh |
| 17 | Mission | n | /ˈmɪʃn/ | Sứ mệnh, nhiệm vụ |
| 18 | Oxygen | n | /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ | Khí ô-xi |
| 19 | Participate | v | /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ | Tham gia |
| 20 | Permit | n, v | /pərˈmɪt/ | Sự cho phép, cho phép |
| 21 | Product | n | /ˈprɒdʌkt/ | Sản phẩm |
| 22 | Protect | v | /prəˈtekt/ | Bảo vệ |
| 23 | Release | v | /rɪli:s/ | Giải phóng, thải ra |
| 24 | Renewable source | n, phr | /rɪˈnjuːəbl sɔːrs/ | Nguồn tái tạo |
| 25 | Resident | n | /rezɪdənt/ | Người dân |
| 26 | Saola | n | /'saʊlə/ | Kỳ lân châu Á |
| 27 | Single-use | adj | /ˌsɪŋɡl ˈjuːs/ | Để sử dụng một lần |
| 28 | Slippery | adj | /ˈslɪpəri/ | Trơn |
| 29 | Species | n | /ˈspiːʃiːz/ | Giống, loài |
| 30 | Substance | n | /ˈsʌbstəns/ | Chất |
| 31 | Tornado | n | /tɔːrˈneɪdəʊ/ | Lốc xoáy |
| 32 | Toxic | adj | /ˈtɒksɪk/ | Độc hại |
| 33 | Wildlife | n | /'waɪldlaɪf/ | Động vật hoang dã |
Phụ âm đôi /bl/ | bl (blank) |
Phụ âm đôi /kl/ | cl (cloud) |
C. GRAMMAR
Complex sentences with adverb clauses of time (Câu phức chứa mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Câu phức bao gồm một mệnh đề độc lập (mệnh đề chính) và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc:
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ là mệnh đề phụ thuộc
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian diễn tả thời điểm xảy ra sự việc nào đó và thường chứa các liên từ nối thời gian đứng trước như: when (khi, vào lúc), while, as (trong khi), until / till (cho đến khi), as soon as, once (ngay khi), before, by the time (trước khi), after (sau khi), as long as, so long as (chừng nào, miễn là), since (từ khi)...
Example: I won’t leave until my friend arrives.
- Hai vế mệnh đề có thể hoán đổi vị trí cho nhau. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu. Nếu mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đứng ở đầu câu sẽ ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
- Khi chia động từ, cần lưu ý mối liên hệ về thời giữa 2 vế mệnh đề. Thông thường 2 vế sẽ chia cùng thời gian: quá khứ - quá khứ; hiện tại - hiện tại; hiện tại - tương lai
D. PRACTICE
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with bl or cl to complete the words.
1. The sky was __ue and __ean.
2. We need to esta__ish a __ear objective.
3. The __ast from the bomb __ew out all the windows.
4. They __aim that their new drug can control __ood pressure.
5. Pu__ic conviction about the increase of natural disasters has de__ined.
6. He is the best __ogger writing about global warming and __imate change.
7. They ex__uded people under 18 from joining volunteer __ubs.
8. The college authorities have made English __asses __oigatory.
9. We had various pro__ems on our journey, in__uding traffic jams.
10. __ouds of thick __ack smoke billowed from the car’s exhaust.
II. Underline the words having sound /bl/ or /kl/ in the sentences.
1. Environmental groups plan to raise public awareness about deforestation.
2. The convention established principles to save marine life.
3. They classify lizards as endangered species.
4. We could hear the birds clearly from our garden.
5. The locals clamoured to stop polluting the river.
6. Corals in oceans can be yellow, blue, or green.
7. The declaration asked authorities to protect the environment.
8. Many hunters keep the wild animals in closed cages.
9. The volcano unexpectedly blew up early in the morning.
10. We’ll try to widen the discussion to include environmental issues.
B. VOCABULARY
I. Name the pictures of greeting styles in the world. Use the phrases in the box.
| 1. plant | a. endangered species |
| 2. pick up | b. trees |
| 3. protect | c. the lights |
| 4. save | d. our carbon footprint |
| 5. build | e. rubbish |
| 6. turn off | f. using single-use products |
| 7. buy | g. water |
| 8. avoid | h. littering |
| 9. reduce | i. green products |
| 10. stop | j. campfire |
| 1- | 2- | 3- | 4- | 5- | 6- | 7- | 8- | 9- | 10- |
endangered species | littering | air pollution | plastic rubbish | single-use |
habitat | ecosystem | carbon dioxide | carbon footprint | environment protection |
2. A
__________________ is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction.3. __________________ is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
4. A
__________________ is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.5. Energy conservation and __________________ are growing concerns in the world.
6. A
__________________ is an indicator that accounts for greenhouse gases emitted by human activity.7. __________________ is Earth’s most important greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and radiates heat.
8. __________________ items are products designed to be used only once before they are discarded.
9. Cars, trucks, buses, off-road vehicles and planes are all considered mobile sources of ____________.
10. __________________ such as plastic bag stays in the environment for many years after it has been used.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. We should not only ____________ more trees but also put much more effort into protecting existing forests.
A. plant B. reduce C. stop D. cut down
2. Lead and aluminium are common ____________ that can be found in drinking water.
A. contamination B. contaminated C. contaminates D. contaminants
3. People all over the world are working to help save ____________ animals from extinction.
A. danger B. endangered C. dangerous D. dangerously
4. A
____________ is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions.A. carbon footprint B. carbon dioxide C. global warming D. ecosystem
5. Some manufacturers offered incentives for return of batteries, so that they can ____________ or dispose of them safely.
A. waste B. dump C. recycle D. throw away
6. ____________ power is the use of wind energy to generate useful work.
A. Natural gas B. Coal C. Oil D. Wind
7. ____________ pollution is the contamination of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.
A. Water B. Air C. Soil D. Noise8. Around
8. Around 7 million ____________ of plants and animals exist on the Earth.
A. means B. classes C. styles D. species
9. Forest fires do not only ____________ in environmental damage but also huge costs in extinguishing the fires.
A. contribute B. result C. lead D. create
10. Cars and trucks pump out thousands of tonnes of poisonous ____________ every year.
A. pollutants B. exhaust pipes C. fumes D. chemicals
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. ____________ species, if not protected, could eventually become extinct. (danger)
2. Is afforestation the best way to ____________ the environment? (conservation)
3. Instead of ____________ the entire garden, just water the plants that need it. (water)
4. Cuc Phuong ____________ Park is a famous tourist destination in Ninh Binh province. (Nation)
5. Chemicals or particles in the air can ____________ the health of humans, animals, and plants. (harmful)
6. It’s estimated that the global ____________ of the world’s ecosystem services equals $125 trillion annually. (valuable)
7. For many ____________, the world seems to be getting worse in their eyes. (environment)
8. Earth’s climate has remained continuously ____________ throughout 3 or 4 billion years. (habitat)
9. There should be ____________ of volunteers and active participation of young people in environmental protection. (encourage)
10. The five major air ____________ are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and airborne solid particles. (pollute)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Decide whether the underlined part is an independent clause (I) or a dependent clause (D).
1. As soon as there’s smoke, I start feeling bad. _____
2. The traffic conditions worsen until they are repaired. _____
3. We’ll update this post on our social media as soon as we finish it. _____
4. Harry met an old friend while he was vacationing in California. _____
5. Will we be able to address climate change before it is too late? _____
6. A man is in a critical condition after he is struck by lightning. _____
7. Only run your dishwasher or washing machine when it’s full. _____
8. Carbon Is released back into the atmosphere when plants and animals die. _____
9. You can get really creative when it comes to conserving water. _____
10. The firefighters will keep on searching till they find the last victim. _____
II. Match the clauses.
| 1. There may have been life on Mars | a. after the tree is cut down. |
| 2. As soon as the temperature increases and is above 0oC, | b. before they release it to the environment? |
| 3. Greenhouse gases trap some of the planet’s heat | c. until it underwent climate change. |
| 4. Unplug power cords from the wall | d. the ice begins to melt. |
| 5. How much time do humans have | e. after tornadoes and storms strike the South. |
| 6. Some tree species aggressively sprout from the roots even | f. until global warming makes the planet unliveable? |
| 7. Searches for victims continue a day | g. until they are at risk of extinction. |
| 8. A small action can make an enormous difference | h. before it escapes into space. |
| 9. Do factories use filters to clean the air | i. when millions of people do it. |
| 10. Some species are not discovered | j. when items aren’t in use. |
| 1- | 2- | 3- | 4- | 5- | 6- | 7- | 8- | 9- | 10- |
1. America says it ____________ until other countries ____________ more action.
A. won’t act - took B. won’t act – take
C. doesn’t act - will take D. acts - don’t take
2. ____________ you buy and use a plastic bag, ask yourself if you really need it.
A. Before B. When C. While D. After
3. ____________ the arrival of humans on Earth, species became extinct naturally.
A. Before B. Since C. After D. As soon as
4. ____________ my little cousin saw the tiger in the cage, he cried out.
A. Before B. Since C. When D. Until
5. As soon as we ____________ risks of climate change, we all ____________ together to fight against them.
A. realize - worked B. realized - worked C. realized - work D. will realize – work
6. ____________ I get to school, I will show you my writing about the habitat of polar bear.
A. As soon as B. While C. Until D. Till
7. ____________ fossil fuels are burnt, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air.
A. Till B. Until C. Before D. When
8. Most species don’t receive protection ____________ their populations reduce to nearly zero.
A. as B. when C. before D. until
9. Until there ____________ heavy penalties for environmental violations, many factories disposing pollutants into the air.
A. are - won’t stop B. will be - will stop
C. were - won’t stop D. are – stopped
10. The greenhouse effect ____________ after energy from the sun ____________ through the earth’s atmosphere and ____________ its surface.
A. occurred - goes - heats B. occurs - went – heats
C. occurs - goes - heated D. occurs - goes - heats
IV. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Solar energy needs to be converted into electricity after we can use it.
A. needs to be B. into C. after D. can use it
2. Will the climate still be in warming state after greenhouse emissions stopped?
A. still be B. warning C. after D. stopped
3. When a species of plants or animals are in danger of extinction, it is gradually disappearing.
A. When B. species C. are D. it
4. Who is responsible when climate change harms the world’s the poorest countries?
A. is B. when C. harms D. the poorest
5. When fossil fuels are burnt, they released greenhouse gases - mostly carbon dioxide.
A. When B. burnt C. released D. mostly
6. We will contact the people in charge and will get back to you as soon as we could.
A. will contact B. will get back C. as soon as D. could
7. You will need to know your carbon footprint after you start reducing it.
A. need to know B. after C. reducing D. it
8. Technology has a long way to go before it could make a large impact in the atmosphere.
A. has B. to go C. it could make D. in
9. As soon as the snow will melt, spring wildflowers push their way up through the leaf litter.
A. As soon as B. will melt C. push D. litter
10. Single-use plastic products are thrown away immediately until they have served their purpose.
A. Single-use plastic B. away C. until D. their
D. SPEAKING
I. Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.
___ Yes, it’s hot because it’s the beginning of summer.
___ That seems the logical things. I hope it will be better soon because we can’t live healthily in this hot weather and the polluted environment. I can’t imagine how life on Earth will look like in the next 100 years.
___ I think reducing pollution is not easy at all. Human life requires the producing of goods, so natural resources are exploited to make products. Then waste will still be created and people will pollute the environment again and again.
___ Well, it’s not easy, but it’s possible. Many countries are trying to recycle things and look for new sources of energy. They also issue laws and have lots of programs to protect the environment.
_1_ Do you find that it’s hotter these days?
___ How can recycling things and finding new sources of energy help to reduce pollution?
___ Yeah, it’s hard to imagine...
___ If people recycle more things, they will use fewer natural resources and there will be less waste. New sources of energy can replace the using of fossil fuels which results in most types of pollution.
___ Maybe you’re right because the earth’s temperature increases year by year. This won’t stop until people can reduce all types of pollution which causes the global warming.
___ No, I mean this year is hotter than last year.
II. Match the sentences.
| 1. What does ecosystem mean? | a. It’s “Save the environment: our work”. |
| 2. Cars emitting black smoke should be banned. | b. But tomorrow may be even hotter. |
| 3. What will you do with these pictures? | c. They can save water, paper, electricity... and don’t litter. |
| 4. Today is the hottest day I’ve ever known. | d. Terrible! It must be hundreds of them. |
| 5. What is the name of your project? | e. Banning isn’t the best way. A fine is more appropriate. |
| 6. What is the difference between ‘dangerous’ and ‘endangered’? | f. It means a system of living organisms and their environment. |
| 7. Is it true that polluted air is more dangerous than smoking? | g. Dangerous is full of danger while endangered is in danger, at risk. |
| 8. I usually see people throw trash in the street, but I don’t know what to do then. | h. I would politely tell them not to do so if I were you. |
| 9. How can children help to save the earth? | i. I just know that both of them are dangerous. |
| 10. Look at the river! There are lots of dead fish. | j. I’ll use them for my presentation on Earth Day. |
| 1- | 2- | 3- | 4- | 5- | 6- | 7- | 8- | 9- | 10- |
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
Plastic bags cause many negative effects for US and the environment. No one knows exactly how many bags are littering the planet, but researchers estimate that 500 billion are used around the globe each year. It sounds interesting when we could get money in exchange for our plastic trash.
This happens at a company called the Plastic Bank. The Bank creates social and environmental impact in areas with high levels of poverty and plastic pollution by turning plastic waste into a currency. By exchanging plastic for money, they can stop plastic from polluting the environment and help people living in poverty to build their better future.
To do this, the Plastic Bank buy plastic waste at a high price so that they can encourage people to collect it. People can exchange plastic waste for money, items, or services. Plastic collected through the Bank is recycled and processed into new raw material feedstock, called Social Plastic, which can be purchased by manufacturers to produce more environmentally and socially ethical products. In this way, new opportunities are created for the world’s most disadvantaged communities and recycling becomes dignified work.
1. ____ Researchers can know exactly how many plastic bags are littering the planet.
2. ____ People could get money in exchange for their plastic trash at a company called the Plastic Bank.
3. ____ The Plastic Bank give money and plastic bags to the poor.
4. ____ The Plastic Bank has good effects on people and the environment.
5. ____ The Plastic Bank helps to stop plastic from polluting the environment.
6. ____ Manufacturers purchase plastic raw materials from many collectors.
7. ____ Social Plastic is the material recycled and processed by Plastic Bank.
8. The Plastic Bank creates nothing for disadvantaged communities, but dignified work.
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
wildlife | aquatically | marine | splendid | species | experience | remains | habitats |
F. WRITING
I. Combine the pairs of the sentences, using the conjunction in the brackets.
1. Ice sheets and glaciers are shrinking. Sea levels are rising at the same time. (while)
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. The atmosphere changes and the heat increases. It can cause a number of problems. (when)
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. We can solve any problem. It’s important to understand it first. (before)
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. We should alway turn off the lights. And then we leave a room. (as soon as)
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. You go to the toilet. Wash your hands thoroughly then. (after)
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. We have killed off all our marine life. We must not wait till then. (until)
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. The disaster passes. Then people will need money and determination to rebuild. (after)
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. Balloons are released into the air. They become deadly litter right after that. (as soon as)
__________________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. The rivers and canals are dry because there are many dams in the upstream.
à Due to
2. The ocean water became contaminated by liquid petroleum as a result of the oil spills.
à Because of
3. Unless treated waste water is used and managed properly, health effects will occur.
à If
4. People continue using plastic, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
à Unless
5. The reason why endangered species become extinct is that humans are careless and lack of knowledge.
à Since
6. We can’t slow down climate change unless we stop using fossil fuels.
à If
7. Let’s encourage our friends to use reusable bags instead of plastic ones.
à Why
8. It’s a good idea for the governments to punish the polluters with large fines.
à The governments should
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with bl or cl to complete the words.
1. The sky was __ue and __ean.
2. We need to esta__ish a __ear objective.
3. The __ast from the bomb __ew out all the windows.
4. They __aim that their new drug can control __ood pressure.
5. Pu__ic conviction about the increase of natural disasters has de__ined.
6. He is the best __ogger writing about global warming and __imate change.
7. They ex__uded people under 18 from joining volunteer __ubs.
8. The college authorities have made English __asses __oigatory.
9. We had various pro__ems on our journey, in__uding traffic jams.
10. __ouds of thick __ack smoke billowed from the car’s exhaust.
II. Underline the words having sound /bl/ or /kl/ in the sentences.
1. Environmental groups plan to raise public awareness about deforestation.
2. The convention established principles to save marine life.
3. They classify lizards as endangered species.
4. We could hear the birds clearly from our garden.
5. The locals clamoured to stop polluting the river.
6. Corals in oceans can be yellow, blue, or green.
7. The declaration asked authorities to protect the environment.
8. Many hunters keep the wild animals in closed cages.
9. The volcano unexpectedly blew up early in the morning.
10. We’ll try to widen the discussion to include environmental issues.
B. VOCABULARY
I. Name the pictures of greeting styles in the world. Use the phrases in the box.
| 1. plant | a. endangered species |
| 2. pick up | b. trees |
| 3. protect | c. the lights |
| 4. save | d. our carbon footprint |
| 5. build | e. rubbish |
| 6. turn off | f. using single-use products |
| 7. buy | g. water |
| 8. avoid | h. littering |
| 9. reduce | i. green products |
| 10. stop | j. campfire |
| 1- | 2- | 3- | 4- | 5- | 6- | 7- | 8- | 9- | 10- |
endangered species | littering | air pollution | plastic rubbish | single-use |
habitat | ecosystem | carbon dioxide | carbon footprint | environment protection |
2. A
__________________ is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction.3. __________________ is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
4. A
__________________ is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.5. Energy conservation and __________________ are growing concerns in the world.
6. A
__________________ is an indicator that accounts for greenhouse gases emitted by human activity.7. __________________ is Earth’s most important greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and radiates heat.
8. __________________ items are products designed to be used only once before they are discarded.
9. Cars, trucks, buses, off-road vehicles and planes are all considered mobile sources of ____________.
10. __________________ such as plastic bag stays in the environment for many years after it has been used.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. We should not only ____________ more trees but also put much more effort into protecting existing forests.
A. plant B. reduce C. stop D. cut down
2. Lead and aluminium are common ____________ that can be found in drinking water.
A. contamination B. contaminated C. contaminates D. contaminants
3. People all over the world are working to help save ____________ animals from extinction.
A. danger B. endangered C. dangerous D. dangerously
4. A
____________ is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions.A. carbon footprint B. carbon dioxide C. global warming D. ecosystem
5. Some manufacturers offered incentives for return of batteries, so that they can ____________ or dispose of them safely.
A. waste B. dump C. recycle D. throw away
6. ____________ power is the use of wind energy to generate useful work.
A. Natural gas B. Coal C. Oil D. Wind
7. ____________ pollution is the contamination of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.
A. Water B. Air C. Soil D. Noise8. Around
8. Around 7 million ____________ of plants and animals exist on the Earth.
A. means B. classes C. styles D. species
9. Forest fires do not only ____________ in environmental damage but also huge costs in extinguishing the fires.
A. contribute B. result C. lead D. create
10. Cars and trucks pump out thousands of tonnes of poisonous ____________ every year.
A. pollutants B. exhaust pipes C. fumes D. chemicals
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. ____________ species, if not protected, could eventually become extinct. (danger)
2. Is afforestation the best way to ____________ the environment? (conservation)
3. Instead of ____________ the entire garden, just water the plants that need it. (water)
4. Cuc Phuong ____________ Park is a famous tourist destination in Ninh Binh province. (Nation)
5. Chemicals or particles in the air can ____________ the health of humans, animals, and plants. (harmful)
6. It’s estimated that the global ____________ of the world’s ecosystem services equals $125 trillion annually. (valuable)
7. For many ____________, the world seems to be getting worse in their eyes. (environment)
8. Earth’s climate has remained continuously ____________ throughout 3 or 4 billion years. (habitat)
9. There should be ____________ of volunteers and active participation of young people in environmental protection. (encourage)
10. The five major air ____________ are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and airborne solid particles. (pollute)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Decide whether the underlined part is an independent clause (I) or a dependent clause (D).
1. As soon as there’s smoke, I start feeling bad. _____
2. The traffic conditions worsen until they are repaired. _____
3. We’ll update this post on our social media as soon as we finish it. _____
4. Harry met an old friend while he was vacationing in California. _____
5. Will we be able to address climate change before it is too late? _____
6. A man is in a critical condition after he is struck by lightning. _____
7. Only run your dishwasher or washing machine when it’s full. _____
8. Carbon Is released back into the atmosphere when plants and animals die. _____
9. You can get really creative when it comes to conserving water. _____
10. The firefighters will keep on searching till they find the last victim. _____
II. Match the clauses.
| 1. There may have been life on Mars | a. after the tree is cut down. |
| 2. As soon as the temperature increases and is above 0oC, | b. before they release it to the environment? |
| 3. Greenhouse gases trap some of the planet’s heat | c. until it underwent climate change. |
| 4. Unplug power cords from the wall | d. the ice begins to melt. |
| 5. How much time do humans have | e. after tornadoes and storms strike the South. |
| 6. Some tree species aggressively sprout from the roots even | f. until global warming makes the planet unliveable? |
| 7. Searches for victims continue a day | g. until they are at risk of extinction. |
| 8. A small action can make an enormous difference | h. before it escapes into space. |
| 9. Do factories use filters to clean the air | i. when millions of people do it. |
| 10. Some species are not discovered | j. when items aren’t in use. |
| 1- | 2- | 3- | 4- | 5- | 6- | 7- | 8- | 9- | 10- |
1. America says it ____________ until other countries ____________ more action.
A. won’t act - took B. won’t act – take
C. doesn’t act - will take D. acts - don’t take
2. ____________ you buy and use a plastic bag, ask yourself if you really need it.
A. Before B. When C. While D. After
3. ____________ the arrival of humans on Earth, species became extinct naturally.
A. Before B. Since C. After D. As soon as
4. ____________ my little cousin saw the tiger in the cage, he cried out.
A. Before B. Since C. When D. Until
5. As soon as we ____________ risks of climate change, we all ____________ together to fight against them.
A. realize - worked B. realized - worked C. realized - work D. will realize – work
6. ____________ I get to school, I will show you my writing about the habitat of polar bear.
A. As soon as B. While C. Until D. Till
7. ____________ fossil fuels are burnt, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air.
A. Till B. Until C. Before D. When
8. Most species don’t receive protection ____________ their populations reduce to nearly zero.
A. as B. when C. before D. until
9. Until there ____________ heavy penalties for environmental violations, many factories disposing pollutants into the air.
A. are - won’t stop B. will be - will stop
C. were - won’t stop D. are – stopped
10. The greenhouse effect ____________ after energy from the sun ____________ through the earth’s atmosphere and ____________ its surface.
A. occurred - goes - heats B. occurs - went – heats
C. occurs - goes - heated D. occurs - goes - heats
IV. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Solar energy needs to be converted into electricity after we can use it.
A. needs to be B. into C. after D. can use it
2. Will the climate still be in warming state after greenhouse emissions stopped?
A. still be B. warning C. after D. stopped
3. When a species of plants or animals are in danger of extinction, it is gradually disappearing.
A. When B. species C. are D. it
4. Who is responsible when climate change harms the world’s the poorest countries?
A. is B. when C. harms D. the poorest
5. When fossil fuels are burnt, they released greenhouse gases - mostly carbon dioxide.
A. When B. burnt C. released D. mostly
6. We will contact the people in charge and will get back to you as soon as we could.
A. will contact B. will get back C. as soon as D. could
7. You will need to know your carbon footprint after you start reducing it.
A. need to know B. after C. reducing D. it
8. Technology has a long way to go before it could make a large impact in the atmosphere.
A. has B. to go C. it could make D. in
9. As soon as the snow will melt, spring wildflowers push their way up through the leaf litter.
A. As soon as B. will melt C. push D. litter
10. Single-use plastic products are thrown away immediately until they have served their purpose.
A. Single-use plastic B. away C. until D. their
D. SPEAKING
I. Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.
___ Yes, it’s hot because it’s the beginning of summer.
___ That seems the logical things. I hope it will be better soon because we can’t live healthily in this hot weather and the polluted environment. I can’t imagine how life on Earth will look like in the next 100 years.
___ I think reducing pollution is not easy at all. Human life requires the producing of goods, so natural resources are exploited to make products. Then waste will still be created and people will pollute the environment again and again.
___ Well, it’s not easy, but it’s possible. Many countries are trying to recycle things and look for new sources of energy. They also issue laws and have lots of programs to protect the environment.
_1_ Do you find that it’s hotter these days?
___ How can recycling things and finding new sources of energy help to reduce pollution?
___ Yeah, it’s hard to imagine...
___ If people recycle more things, they will use fewer natural resources and there will be less waste. New sources of energy can replace the using of fossil fuels which results in most types of pollution.
___ Maybe you’re right because the earth’s temperature increases year by year. This won’t stop until people can reduce all types of pollution which causes the global warming.
___ No, I mean this year is hotter than last year.
II. Match the sentences.
| 1. What does ecosystem mean? | a. It’s “Save the environment: our work”. |
| 2. Cars emitting black smoke should be banned. | b. But tomorrow may be even hotter. |
| 3. What will you do with these pictures? | c. They can save water, paper, electricity... and don’t litter. |
| 4. Today is the hottest day I’ve ever known. | d. Terrible! It must be hundreds of them. |
| 5. What is the name of your project? | e. Banning isn’t the best way. A fine is more appropriate. |
| 6. What is the difference between ‘dangerous’ and ‘endangered’? | f. It means a system of living organisms and their environment. |
| 7. Is it true that polluted air is more dangerous than smoking? | g. Dangerous is full of danger while endangered is in danger, at risk. |
| 8. I usually see people throw trash in the street, but I don’t know what to do then. | h. I would politely tell them not to do so if I were you. |
| 9. How can children help to save the earth? | i. I just know that both of them are dangerous. |
| 10. Look at the river! There are lots of dead fish. | j. I’ll use them for my presentation on Earth Day. |
| 1- | 2- | 3- | 4- | 5- | 6- | 7- | 8- | 9- | 10- |
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
Plastic bags cause many negative effects for US and the environment. No one knows exactly how many bags are littering the planet, but researchers estimate that 500 billion are used around the globe each year. It sounds interesting when we could get money in exchange for our plastic trash.
This happens at a company called the Plastic Bank. The Bank creates social and environmental impact in areas with high levels of poverty and plastic pollution by turning plastic waste into a currency. By exchanging plastic for money, they can stop plastic from polluting the environment and help people living in poverty to build their better future.
To do this, the Plastic Bank buy plastic waste at a high price so that they can encourage people to collect it. People can exchange plastic waste for money, items, or services. Plastic collected through the Bank is recycled and processed into new raw material feedstock, called Social Plastic, which can be purchased by manufacturers to produce more environmentally and socially ethical products. In this way, new opportunities are created for the world’s most disadvantaged communities and recycling becomes dignified work.
1. ____ Researchers can know exactly how many plastic bags are littering the planet.
2. ____ People could get money in exchange for their plastic trash at a company called the Plastic Bank.
3. ____ The Plastic Bank give money and plastic bags to the poor.
4. ____ The Plastic Bank has good effects on people and the environment.
5. ____ The Plastic Bank helps to stop plastic from polluting the environment.
6. ____ Manufacturers purchase plastic raw materials from many collectors.
7. ____ Social Plastic is the material recycled and processed by Plastic Bank.
8. The Plastic Bank creates nothing for disadvantaged communities, but dignified work.
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
wildlife | aquatically | marine | splendid | species | experience | remains | habitats |
F. WRITING
I. Combine the pairs of the sentences, using the conjunction in the brackets.
1. Ice sheets and glaciers are shrinking. Sea levels are rising at the same time. (while)
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. The atmosphere changes and the heat increases. It can cause a number of problems. (when)
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. We can solve any problem. It’s important to understand it first. (before)
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. We should alway turn off the lights. And then we leave a room. (as soon as)
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. You go to the toilet. Wash your hands thoroughly then. (after)
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. We have killed off all our marine life. We must not wait till then. (until)
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. The disaster passes. Then people will need money and determination to rebuild. (after)
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. Balloons are released into the air. They become deadly litter right after that. (as soon as)
__________________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. The rivers and canals are dry because there are many dams in the upstream.
à Due to
2. The ocean water became contaminated by liquid petroleum as a result of the oil spills.
à Because of
3. Unless treated waste water is used and managed properly, health effects will occur.
à If
4. People continue using plastic, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
à Unless
5. The reason why endangered species become extinct is that humans are careless and lack of knowledge.
à Since
6. We can’t slow down climate change unless we stop using fossil fuels.
à If
7. Let’s encourage our friends to use reusable bags instead of plastic ones.
à Why
8. It’s a good idea for the governments to punish the polluters with large fines.
à The governments should
Key
A. Pronunciation
I.
1. The clock on the wall is blue.
2. He climbed the tree and got a lot of blackberries.
3. Don’t blame me for your broken ankle.
4. He posts messages, photos, and video dips on his blog.
5. The blonde girl went to buy pickles.
II.
| 1. C | 2. D | 3. A | 4. B | 5. C |
I.
| 1. acid rain | 2. domestic waste | 3. greenhouse effect |
| 4. loud noise | 5. global warming | 3. forest fire |
| 1. harmful | 2. organization | 3. environmentally |
| 4. importance | 5. destruction | 6. unbelieveable |
| 1. national | 2. light | 3. planting |
| 4. control | 5. released | technological |
1. We were planting trees while our friends were collecting rubbish. (Our friends were collecting rubbish while we were planting trees.)
2. The choir practised for half an hour before they went on stage. /before going on stage. (Before they went on stage, the choir practised for half an hour)
3. After I read my favourite book/ After reading my favourite book, I went to bed. (I went go to bed after I read my favourite book./ after reading my favourite book.
4. When the bell rang everyone raced out of the classroom. (Everyone raced out of the classroom when the bell rang.)
5. Don’t go away yet until you finish cleaning up the place first.
6. Whenever my sister makes a mess, my mum makes her weed the garden. (My mum makes her weed the garden whenever my sister makes a mess.)
V.
1. After I finish putting these things away, I’ll give you a hand.
2. Wherever you go, you can always find good people.
3. While I was watering the flowers, my sister was cooking dinner.
4. We had a hard time finding the way to our hotel when we were in Bangkok.
5. Before you leave your room, you should turn of the lights.
6. We were impressed by the beautiful buildings when we visited Saint Peterburg.
VI.
| 1. B | 2. B | 3. C | 4. A | 5. D |
| 6. D | 7. A | 8. A | 9. D | 10. B |
I. Work in pairs. Make a conversation to ask for and give clarification for the following.
- soil pollution
- climate change
A: What does “soil pollution” mean?/What do you mean by “soil pollution”?
B: “Soil pollution” is the presence of toxic chemicals in soil.
A: And what does “climate change” means?/ What do you mean by “climate change”?
B: It is long-term changes in temperatures and weather patterns.
A. Oh, thank you.
II. Work with your partner. Read through the following list and discuss what practices you are likely to adapt and which are not practical.
1. Recycling and buying products made from recycled materials
2. Avoiding buying things you don’t need
3. Minimizing waste and avoiding excessive packaging
4. Buying only energy efficient appliances
5. Planting more trees and flowers 6. Growing your own garden
III. Interview three students in your class (e.g. A, B, C) about the activity, activities they often do or would like to do to help the environment their neighborhood. Then fill in the form below.
| A | B | C |
| Activity / Activities | |||
| With whom | |||
| When | |||
| How often | |||
| Benefits |
D. Reading
I.
| 1. C | 2. B | 3. A | 4. C | 5. D |
| 1. B | 2. C | 3. A | 4. A | 5. D |
| 1. into | 2. extinct | 3. environment | 4. trees | d. destroying |
I. Complete the following sentences, using the words and phrases given.
1. We should finish cleaning the house before mum gets home.
2. Don’t talk to the driver while he is driving.
3. After the Earth Hour was over, we saved a lot of power.
4. A fire started as soon as the boys left the campsite.
5. The villagers won’t have electricity until they install a new generator.
6. Whenever you can, follow the three R’s to conserve natural resources.
II.
| 1. A | 2. B | 3. D | 4. D | 5. C |
Cuc Phuong National Park
Location: Nho Quan District, Ninh Binh Province
Opened: 1962
Area: about 222 sq. km
Viet Nam’s first and largest national park
Rich diversity of plants and animals
Many species in the Viet Nam Red Book of Endangered Species
Endangered Primate Rescue Centre and Turtle Conservation Centre
Cuc Phuong National Park is located in Nho Quan District, Ninh Binh Province. It became a national park in 1962. Its area is about 222 sq. km. It was Viet Nam’s first national park and it is now still the largest. This park has a rich diversity of plants and animals. Many species in the Viet Nam Red Book of Endangered Species are found here. The park has the Endangered Primate Rescue Centre and Turtle Conservation Centre which help to save a lot of species from extinction.
DÀNH CHO GIÁO VIÊN
DÀNH CHO HỌC SINH
CHỦ ĐỀ LIÊN QUAN
CHỦ ĐỀ QUAN TÂM
CHỦ ĐỀ MỚI NHẤT
