MÔN TIẾNG ANH TÀI LIỆU Chuyên đề bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi tiếng anh 9 CHƯƠNG TRÌNH MỚI

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ
BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI
TIẾNG ANH 9
Tài liệu sưu tầm2
Phần 1: PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)
1. SOUNDS
2. STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm
Phần 2: WORD FORMATION ( CẤU TẠO TỪ )
A- MỘT SỐ CÁCH THÀNH LẬP LOẠI TỪ.
B- MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC NHẬN DIỆN LOẠI TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP:
Phần 3: ĐỌC HIỂU
1. BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU DẠNG CHỌN TỪ ĐIỀN VÀO CHỖ TRỐNG
2. BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU MỘT ĐOẠN VĂN
Phần 1: PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)
1. SOUNDS
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động
từ số ít.
/ s / Khi đi sau các phụ âm sau : /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//.
Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books...
/ iz / Khi đi sau các âm sau: /s/, /∫/, / t∫/, /z/, / ʒ,/, /ʤ /,. Hoặc các chữ cái: s,
x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge, se
Ex: washes , kisses , oranges…..
/ z / Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags , kids , days …
Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ:
- Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert,
choose, reason, preserve, poison..
-Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ sugar,sure
Exercise
1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days
2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes
3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains
4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites
5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums
6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks
7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts
8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests
9. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds
10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks
11. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students
12. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards3
13. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes
14. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals
15. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks
16. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses
17. A. carriages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes
18. A. offers B. mounts C. pollens D. swords
19. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names
20. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided
2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫ , / hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch, gh
:.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed...
3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played;
raised, used,
Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved,
blessed, naked, wicked, dogged, sacred, hatred, rugged, .....
Exercise
1. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted
2. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised
3. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined
4. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished
5. A. catched B. crashed C. occupied D. coughed
6. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched
7. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguished D. managed
8. A. wounded B. routed C. wasted D. risked
9. A. imprisoned B. pointed C. shouted D. surrounded
10. A. a.failed B. reached C. absored D. solved
11. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. displayed
12. A removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed
13. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D.stepped
14. A. wanted B.parked C. stopped D.watched
15. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed
16. A.believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked
17. A.lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided
18. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed
19. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked4
20. A.admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped
CÁCH PHÁT MỘT SỐ NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ PHỤ ÂM THƯỜNG GẶP
1. /i:/ : sau các các chữ cái: ea, ee, ei, ie, ese...
Ex: East, easy, sea, free, see, recieve, ceiing, belief, chief, Vietnamese, Chinese ....
Except: break, great, steak....
2. /u/ sau các các chữ cái: o, ould, u, o, ...
Ex: could, should, would, bush, full, butcher, woman, wolf, foot, cook, good, look,
book .....
Except: blood, flood, ............
3. /u:/: sau các các chữ cái: ew, ui, ue (u-e),o oo ...
Ex: flew, grew, fruit, juice, clue, rule, dune, do, two, who, tomb, booth, food, tooh,
tool....
4. /∂/: sau các các chữ cái: ear, (-)er, -ir, -or, -ur,
Ex: learn, Earth, heard, serve, girl, bird, first, world, worm, burn, hurt, fur, nurse,
Thurday,..
5. /e/: sau các các chữ cái: ea, ead...
Ex: dead, bread , breath, ...
6. //: sau các các chữ cái: th
Ex: breath, bath, think, through , ............
7. / ð /: sau các các chữ cái: the, th ,....
Ex: breathe, this, that, they .......
8. /∫/: sau các các chữ cái: sh, s, c, ch.
Ex: wash, dish, sugar, sure, social, oficial, conscious, machine, chef, .....
9. / t∫/; sau các các chữ cái: ch, tur.....
Ex: chalk, church, choose, century, natural, culture, ......
10. /k/ sau các các chữ cái: ch, c, k .
Ex: chemistry, school, cancer, class, crowd, kitchen, like, king ....
BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC
1. A. heat B. scream C. meat D. dead
2. A. breakfast B. teacher C. east D. please
3. A. thrilling B. other C. through D. something
4. A. idea B. going C. will D. trip
5. A. face B. place C. prepared D. days
6. A. Germany B. garden C. gate D. gas
7. A. scholarship B. Christ C. school D. chicken5
8. A. house B. harm C. hour D. husband
9. A. hundred B. exhausted C. however D. heat
10. A. head B. ready C. mean D. weather
11. A. choir B. cheap C. child D. chair
12. A. charge B. child C. teacher D. champagne
13. A. reason B. clear C. mean D. each
14.A. motion B. question C. mention D. fiction
15. A. gather B. good C. large D. again
16. A. change B. children C. machine D. church
17. A. write B. writer C. writing D. written
18. A. share B. rare C. are D. declare
19. A. apply B. university C. identity D. early
20. A. choice B. achieve C. each D. chemistry
2. STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm
1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố(prefix) và hậu tố (suffix)
→ ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather. ...
* Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway ....
Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc
V + ment: ag'ree(thoả thuận)
=>ag'reement
V + ance: re'sist( chống cự ) =>re'sistance
(sự chống cự)
V + er : em'ploy(thuê làm)
=>em'ployer(ông chủ)
V + or : in'vent ( phát minh) => in'ventor
V + ar : beg (van xin) => 'beggar( người
ăn xin), liar ( người nói dối)
V + al : ap'prove( chấp thuận) => ap'proval
V + y : de'liver( giao hàng)=> de'livery( sự
giao hàng)
V + age: pack( đóng gói ) => 'package( bưu
kiện)
V + ing : under'stand( hiểu) =>
under'standing
adj + ness : 'bitter ( đắng)=> 'bitterness( nỗi
cay đắng)
2/ Nhìn chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm
ngắn như /∂/ hay /i/
* EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather ,
pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy
3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì
Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2.
Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1
EX: 'rebell, re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present,
produce, record, refuse...
Ngoại lệ : 'promise , (v)...
4/ Tính từ hai âm tiết trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết 1.
Ex: present, famous, careful, patient, .......................6
- Giới từ hai âm tiết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2.
Ex: between. above, about, across ....................................
5/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây một vần : -ION, -IC, -
IAL , -ICAL, -UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -
GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY
EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience,
im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria,
'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical,
po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy...
Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television...
6) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -
ESE, -AIRE, -SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE . Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer,
themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque,
Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon...
*Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon…
Exercise
1. a. pollute b. contractual c. reject d. marvellous
2. a. mechanic b. military c. apologize d. miraculous
3. a. compulsory b. intensity c. kidding d. invaluable
4. a. nursery b. focus c. delicate d. secure
5. a. curriculum b. kindergarten c. contaminate d.conventional
6. A. apology B. industrial C. Industry D. Disaster.
7. A. interview B. certificate C.applicant D. primary
8. A. certificate B. apartment C. individual D. biology
9. A. scientific B. availlable C. suspicious D. supportive
10. A. especially B. comfortably C. carefully D. possibly
11. A. importance B. subtraction C. algebra D. example
12. A. aspect B. careful C. require D. successful
13. A. terrific B. applicant C. banking D. ignorant
14. A. recognize B. challenge C. symbolize D. Continue
15. A. continent B. belong C. master D. access
16. A. appalling B. ashamed C. November D. architect
17. A. policeman B. cinema C. overcoat D. politics
18. A. competition B. intelligent C. automation D. information
19. A. accountant B. Arabic C. Germany D. chemistry
20. A. attention B. interesting C. influence D. television7
Phần 2: WORD FORMATION (CẤU TẠO TỪ)
A- MỘT SỐ CÁCH THÀNH LẬP LOẠI TỪ:
I- DANH TỪ:
1) Tiền tố: super-/under-/sur-/sub-/over- + N ---> N
supermarket siêu thị
underachievement đạt dưới mức
surface bề mặt
overexpenditure chi tiêu quá
superman siêu nhân
subway tàu điện ngầm
2) Hậu tố:
a) V + -ion/-tion/-ation/-ition/-sion ---> N
addition sự thêm vào
production sản xuất
conservation sự bảo tồn
repetition sự lặp lại
permission sự cho phép
pollution sự ô nhiễm
b) V + -ment/-ance/-ence/-age/-ing/-al ---> N
employment việc làm
attendance sự có mặt
difference sự khác nhau
marriage sự kết hôn
swimming việc bơi lội
arrival sự đến
c) V + -er/-or/-ant/-ee/ ---> N
driver tài xế
actor diễn viên nam
accountant kế toán
employee người làm thuê
interviewee người được phỏng vấn
applicant người xin việc
d) N + -ist/-an/-ian/-ess ---> N
physicist nhà vật lý
American người Mỹ
librarian thủ thư
actress nữ diễn viên
musician nhạc sĩ
scientist nhà khoa học
e) Adj + -y/-ity/-ness/-ism/-dom/ -ship ---> N
difficulty khó khăn
responsibility trách nhiệm
happiness sự hạnh phúc
capitalism Chủ nghĩa tư bản
freedom sự tự do
friendship tình bạn
3) THE + ADJ ---> NOUN
the poor, the blind, the deaf, the old, the sick, the weak, the unemployed, the disabled,
the dead, the young…
II- ĐỘNG TỪ:8
1) Tiền tố:
a) dis-/mis-/re-/over-/under-/out- + V ---> V
disagree không đồng ý misunderstand hiểu nhầm redo làm lại
overcook nấu quá chín undersell bán rẻ hơn outweigh nặng
hơn
b) en- + N/V/Adj ---> V
enable làm cho cĩ thể endanger gây nguy hiểm enrich làm giàu
2) Hậu tố:
Adj/N + -ize/-en/-ate/-fy ---> V
industrialize Công nghiệp hóa widen làm rộng ra originate bắt
nguồn
beautify làm đẹp lighten làm nhẹ đi modernize hiện
đại hóa
III- TÍNH TỪ:
1) Tiền tố: un-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/dis- + Adj ---> Adj
unlucky không may inexact không chính xác impossible
không thể
irregular không có qui tắc illogical không hợp lý dishonest không trung
thực
2) Hậu tố:
a) N + -ly/-like/-less/-ish/-y/-ful/-al/-ic/ ---> Adj
daily hằng ngày childlike như con nít treeless không
có cây
selfish ích kỷ rainy có mưa peaceful hòa
bình
agricultural nông nghiệp scientific khoa học successful thành
công
b) V/N + -ive/-able/-ible ---> Adj
attractive hấp dẫn acceptable có thể chấp nhận defensible có thể
bảo vệ
eatable có thể ăn được active năng động comprehensible có
thể hiểu
IV- TRẠNG TỪ: Phần lớn: Adj + -ly ---> Adv
Slowly một cách chậm chạp carefully một cách cẩn thận safely một cách
an tòan9
B - MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC NHẬN DIỆN LOẠI TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP:
1. a/ an/ the/ this/ that…
my/ her/ his…/ Mary’s + (adj) + N
many/ some/ a lot of…
Ex: She is a beautiful girl.
2. danh từ chỉ sự đo lường, tuổi tác + (adj)
Ex: This table is two meters long. He’s twenty years old.
3. V (MAKE, KEEP, FIND…) + O + ADJ
Ex: We should keep our room clean.
4. Linking verbs (be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, appear…) +
ADJ
Ex: It becomes hot today.
5. đại từ bất định (something, someone, anything, anybody, everything,
nobody…) + ADJ
Ex: Do you have anything important to tell me?
6. ADV + ADJ
Ex: Your story is very interesting.
Ex: This film is extremely boring.
7. Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/việc
gì đó.
Ex: That film is interesting. (Bộ phim đó hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay.)
Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc
gì đó đem lại.
Ex: I am confused about the question. (Tôi bị bối rối về câu hỏi.) (Câu hỏi
làm tôi bối rối.)
8. Trạng từ thể cách bổ nghĩa cho động từ
Ex: She drives carefully
LƯU Ý:
- fast (nhanh), early (sớm), late (muộn), hard (chăm chỉ) vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ.
Ex: Jack is a very fast runner. Jack can run very fast.
- Phân biệt: late (muộn) lately (gần đây) (= recently)
hard (chăm chỉ) hardly (hầu như không)
- Một số tính từ tận cùng –LY: friendly (thân thiện), lovely (dễ thương), lively (sống
động), ...
- Trạng từ tần suất đứng trước động từ thường, sau BE, trợ động từ và modals
Ex: She doesn’t often go with him. He can seldom find time for reading.
Exercise: Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Your new dress makes you more _____________. (beauty)10
2. You should do these exercises _____________. (quick)
3. The industrial __________ will lead to the country’s prosperity. (develop)
4. Some large cities have had measures to minimize air ____________. (pollute)
5. I will come to the party because I accept the _______________. (invite)
6. The ______ of the Hollywood actor, Jimmy Halton, was announced last night. (die)
7. This company offered a lot of __________ jobs. (attract)
8. We often go to the theater at weekends for ____________. (entertain)
9. He is a famous……………………. (act)
10. You must ................................. the answer you choose. (dark)
11. We have a lot of ………….............. in learning English. (difficult)
12. I felt very …………... when I was a member of our school team. (excite)
13. He speaks English ........................ (fluency)
14. We are very proud of our………............. (friend)
15. He does exercise every morning, so he is very…………......... (health)
16. Her parents’ ………….............. makes her very sad. (ill)
17. News on TV is very ...................... (inform)
18. What is his ............................? (nation)
19. Everybody loves ................................ beauty. (nature)
20. It is cloudy and .......................... today. (rain)
Multiple choice
1. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high
school.
a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically
2. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible
3. Many Vietnamese people ______ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation
a. sacrifice b. sacrificed c. sacrificial d. sacrificially
4. They had a ______ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of
marriage.
a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize
5. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
a. polite b. politely c. politeness d. impoliteness
6. As an _______, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile
delinquency.
a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative
7. He was the only _______ that was offered the job.
a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying11
8. Many people have objected to the use of animals in _____ experiments.
a. science b. scientist c. scientific d. scientifically
9. _______ is increasing, which results from economic crisis.
a. Employment b. Unemployment c. Employ d. Unemployed
10._______! I have heard of your success in the new project.
a. Congratulate b. Congratulating c. Congratulation d. Congratulations
11.A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming
extinct.
a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment
12.Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.
a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly
13.They are going to _______ the pool to 1.8 meter.
a. deep b. depth c. deepen d. deeply
14.The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _______.
a. penalty b. penalize c. penal d. penalization
15.The referee's _______ is the most important in any sport competition.
a. decide b. decisive c. decision d. decider
16.Johnny used to be one of the most _______ athletes in my country.
a. succeed b. success c. successful d. successfully
17.The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _______
volunteers.
a. support b. supporter c. supportive d. supportively
18.He was so _______ that he could not even say a word.
a. nerve b. nerves c. nervous d. nervously
19.I am really _______ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves.
a. interest b. interested c. interesting d. interestingly
20.Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _______
activities.
a. society b. social c. socially d. socialize12
Phần 3: ĐỌC HIỂU
1. BÀI TẬP ĐỌC HIỂU DẠNG CHỌN TỪ ĐIỀN VÀO CHỖ TRỐNG
Bài tập chọn từ điền vào chỗ trống là dạng bài tổng hợp nhiều dạng kiến thức về ngữ pháp,
từ
vựng, cấu trúc… mà học sinh đã được học trong cả bậc học. Để làm tốt dạng bài này
cần lưu ý những điểm sau:
1. Phân biệt các từ đồng nghĩa hoặc gần nghĩa
Đây cũng chính là câu hỏi có thể kiểm tra về độ thành thạo của học sinh trong
quá trình sử dụng ngôn ngữ. Tiếng Anh có rất nhiều từ đồng nghĩa hoặc gần
nghĩa, chúng tương đồng về nghĩa và có thể thay thế cho nhau trong một số trường
hợp. Tuy nhiên, chúng khác nhau về sắc thái ý nghĩa, mức độ phổ biến,mức độ trang trọng
cũng
như cấu trúc sử dụng. Nên trong nhiều trường hợp ta không thể thay thế chúng cho nhau
được. Nhiệm vụ của học sinh là nhận ra sự khác biệt giữa chúng để chọn từ điền cho chính
xác
và hợp lý nhất.
Hãy xem ví dụ sau:
I _____ the orchestra play at Carnegie Hall last summer.
A. heard B. tasted C. smelled D. listened
Trong 4 phương án, ta có thể loại trừ ngay phương án B và C vì ta không thể nếm hoặc
ngửi thấy nhạc
được. Với hai phương án còn lại, các em cần phân biệt sự khác nhau giữa hear và listen
Về nghĩa, hear có nghĩa là nghe thoáng qua, nghe mà chưa có sự chuẩn bị hoặc chủ ý
trước khi
nghe. Trong khi đó, listen lại có nghĩa là nghe một cách tập trung và có ý định chú ý nghe từ
trước.
Về cấu trúc, hear là một động từ chỉ tri giác nên đi sau nó là tân ngữ + động từ nguyên
mẫu khôngto Tuy nhiên, động từ listen lại luôn đi kèm giới từ to và theo sau là tân ngữ (liste
n to sth).
Xét về mặt nghĩa và cấu trúc thì heard là thích hợp để điền vào câu trên, listened không thể
thay thế được.
2. Xác định nghĩa của từ dựa vào văn cảnh (context)
Khi làm bài, các em phải đọc kỹ đoạn văn, đặc biệt là các phần trước và sau chỗ trống c
ần điền chọntừ thích hợp. Bởi vì phương án được lựa chọn nằm trong tổng thể của cả đo
ạn. Ví dụ:
Tigers are rare in India now because we have killed too many for them. However, it isn’
t simple enough
to talk about the problem. We must act now before it is too late to do _____ about it.13
A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything
Về nguyên tắc, tất cả các phương án trên đều có thể dùng được với động từ do. Tuy nhi
ên, dựa
vào ngữcảnh của đoạn văn ta có thể thấy rằng tình hình bảo vệ động vật hoang
dã đang ở tình trạng đáng báo
động và chúng ta cần hành động ngay để cứu những loài vật đang có nguycơ tuyệt chủn
g.
Cấu trúc too + tính từ + to sth có nghĩa là quá… đến nỗi không thể xác
định.Trong khi đó, something và everything dùng trong câu không phù hợp về nghĩa
nên loại hai phương án này.
Nothing(không có gì) là từ mang nghĩa phủ định và khi đi với do trong câu trên cũng có
nghĩa phù hợp. Tuy nhiên,bản thân cấu trúc với too đã mang nghĩa phủ định nên
không thể kết hợp với từ mang nghĩa phủ định trongcùng một câu nên nothing cũng bị l
oại. Anything
là từ được dùng trong câu phủ định tuy nhiên từ này còn có nghĩa bất cứ cái gì
nên thích hợp để dùng trong câu có cấu trúc too ở trên.
3. Sử dụng cụm từ cố định
Tiếng Anh có rất nhiều cụm từ cố định. Có những động từ chỉ đi với một loại giới từ nh
ất định, và cũngcó những động từ khi kết hợp với một (một số) giới từ lại mang nghĩa k
hác với gốc động từ đó. Người rađề có thể để khuyết động từ hoặc giới từ để
kiểm tra mảng kiến thức này của học sinh. Khi làm bài, cácem không nên chỉ tìm
nghĩa của từ đơn lẻ mà cần đặt chúng trong mối quan hệ với các từ xung quanh.
Ví dụ :
1. Mobiles that are fitted permanently in a vehicle do not _____ on separate batteries. T
hey require an external aerial on the vehicle.
A. rely B. create C. carry D. insist
Giải thích: create bị loại vì không có cấu trúc create on sth. Các động từ còn lại đều có t
hể kết hợp vớion: to insist on sth: khăng khăng, cố nài làm gì đó; to carry on sth: xúc tiế
n, tiếp tục; to rely on sth: dựa vào, cậy vào, nhờ vào.
Exercise: Read the pasage and circle the best corect answer.
Water is necessary for life. People can live only a few days (1)........... it. Yet nearly 25
million people die each year because of it. Both industrial nations and developing
countries are worried about the (2) ...........and quantity of water in the world.
Even though people, animals, agriculture, and industry use a lot of water, there is more
than enough on the earth. Water covers about three-quarters of the Earth's surface.
However, 97.4 percent of it is salt water. Three-fourths of the Earth's fresh water is
frozen in glaciers and in the great polar ice caps. Most of the water we use
(3)...........from rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere. Less than one percent of the Earth's
water is usable, and we use it over and over again.
One of the (4) ......... about water is distribution. Water is not always distributed where
the large (5)...........centers are. Some regions get enough rain. But it is all in one or two
short rainy reasons.
1. A. with B. without C. for D. in
2. A. characteristics B. conditions C. situation D. quality
3. A. comes B. arrives C. goes D. gets
4. A. cases B. things C. facts D. problems14
5. A. people B. men C. population D. women
2. BÀI TẬP ĐỌC HIỂU MỘT ĐOẠN VĂN
Để làm tốt phần đọc hiểu của đoạn văn các em có thể thực hiện một vài bước sau.
1. Gạch chân những từ chính trong phần yêu cầu, nếu cần thiết học sinh có thể đọc
nhẩm từ và ghi những từ đó trong quá trình làm bài.
2. Đọc lướt nội dung bài nếu thấy những thông tin có liên quan đến phần yêu cầu trả
lời, các em dùng bút chì gạch chân. Sau đó, các em tiếp tục đọc hết bài.
3. Đọc lại bài lần nữa. Các em cần xem xét kỹ câu trả lời của từng đáp án, dựa trên
những bằng chứng cụ thể để đưa ra đáp án đúng nhất.
Example:
Read the passages below and choose the correct answer among A, B, C or D.
Most of the joggers who are overweight are reasonable for talking about, worrying
about, and obsessing with their weight. Since many people start jogging to lose weight
(perhaps you're one of them) it is not surprising that body size is important. More and
more people are on a diet, 50% of the women and close to 25% of the men in the US
are watching what they eat. Body weight is the second most talked among joggers -
heart disease and high blood pressure are the first! There are many factors that affect
your weight. They include: body type, diet, exercise level, sex and age. What may be an
"ideal" weight for you at the age of 27 may not be ideal when you're 54. And your ideal
weight will probably be different during racing season when you're in a specific training
phase.
1. What are most of joggers who are overweight worried about?
A. their weight B. their height C. their jogging D. the distance
2. To many people, _______
A. body size is not a problem B. body size is very important
C. they do not care about their body size D. jogging is a waste of time
3. In the US, _______
A. nobody is on a diet B. 50% women are on a diet
C. obesity is appreciate D. 75% men are on a diet
4. What are the most talked among joggers?
A. body size B. lung cancer C. died
D. heart disease and high blood pressure
5. There are many factors that affect your weight. They are _______
A. body type, diet, exercise level, sex and age
B. high blood pressure, sex and age
C. heart disease and high blood pressure D. body type and heart disease15
Phần 4: Một số đề tham khảo
TEST 1
Part 1: Phonetics:
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest in each
group
6. A. sound B. about C. shout D. course
7. A. jogged B. cooked C. gained D. smiled
8. A. disappointed B. orator C. signature D. accept
9. A. enclose B. pen C. center D. tent
10. A. choose B. house C. horse D. course
Choose the word whose syllable is stressed differently from the rest in each group
11. A. especially B. comfortably C. carefully D. possibly
12. A. importance B. subtraction C. algebra D. example
13. A. aspect B. careful C. baggy D. successful
14. A. terrific B. applicant C. banking D. ignorant
15. A. recognize B. challenge C. symbolize D. continue
Part 2: Vocabulary - grammar and structures
Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D
16. The Browns_______ here since 1990.
A. live B. are living C. have lived D. had lived
17. I wish I _______ all about this some weeks age.
A. knew B. have known C. had known D. would know
18. Vietnam is a country in _______ Asia
A. Southeast B. Northeast C. Southwest D. Northwest
19. Money can't buy true_______.
A. happy B. un happy C. happiness D. happily
20. We can buy from a needle to an elephant in this_______.
A. park B. crossroads C. shopping centre D. crowds
21. The synonym of MOTHER TONGUE is_______.
A. first language B. foreign language C. second language D. A & B are right
22. Don't disturb me. I've got _______ work to do.
A. a lot B. a great deal C. much D. many
23. When students finish their 12th school year, they're at their_______.
A. school-leaving age B. status of children
C. status of worker D. none are right
24. Computers aren't_______ used in schools and universities in Vietnam16
A. widely B. wide C. widen D. width
25. Which prefix can go with FACE?
A. super B. sur C. sub D. out
26. Language isn't the private property of a country.
A. access B. trade C. possession D. scholarship
27. Teenagers often have some physical changes during the _______ from childhood
to adult life.
A. transition B. way C. growth D. obstacle
28. Is there anything important _______ first?
A. does B. do C. doing D. to do
29. We didn't have any money but Tom had_______.
A. a little B. a few C. little D. few
30. He said that he _______ his bicycle.
A. has lost B. loses C. had lost D. lost
Which sentence expresses the same idea as the given one?
31. There is a tendency to minimize problems
A. Pupils show a tend to minimize problems
B. Pupils don't try to overcome problems
C. Pupils don't show a tend to play problems down
D. Pupils don't try to overcome problems much
32. They gave a great deal of thought to their work
A. They thought a little about their job
B. They didn't think so much about their job
C. They thought so much about their job
D. They didn't think about their job
33. They show a desire to put aside the status of the school - child
A. They don't want to be adults B. They want to be adults a lot
C. They want to leave school D. They desire to leave school
34. They had little knowledge of the job of their choice
A. They knew much of the job of their choice
B. They almost had no knowledge of the job of their choice
C. They knew a lot about the job of their choice
D. They were particularly keen on the job of their choice
35. They express a great determination to have a place at university
A. They are greatly determined to have a place at university
B. They want to have a good place at university.17
C. They aren't determined to have a place at university
D. They show a little desire to have a place at university
Choose a word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting
36. He didn't give (A) me (B) any ink, so I (C) couldn't write (D) no more.
37. Either Peter (A) or Mary (B) have left (C) the door (D) unlocked.
38. The film (A) on television (B) made us so (C) boring that we went (D) to bed
early.
39. If he (A) does a mistake, (B) will he (C) feel sorry (D) for it?
40. John decided (A) buying a new car in the morning, (B) but in the afternoon he (C)
changed (D) his mind.
Part 3: Reading
Read the passages below and choose the correct answer among A, B, C or D.
Most of the joggers who are overweight are reasonable for talking about, worrying
about, and obsessing with their weight. Since many people start jogging to lose weight
(perhaps you're one of them) it is not surprising that body size is important. More and
more people are on a diet, 50% of the women and close to 25% of the men in the US
are watching what they eat. Body weight is the second most talked among joggers -
heart disease and high blood pressure are the first! There are many factors that affect
your weight. They include: body type, diet, exercise level, sex and age. What may be an
"ideal" weight for you at the age of 27 may not be ideal when you're 54. And your ideal
weight will probably be different during racing season when you're in a specific training
phase.
41. What are most of joggers who are overweight worried about?
A. their weight B. their height C. their jogging D. the distance
42. To many people, _______
A. body size is not a problem B. body size is very important
C. they do not care about their body size D. jogging is a waste of time
43. In the US, _______
A. nobody is on a diet B. 50% women are on a diet
C. obesity is appreciate D. 75% men are on a diet
44. What are the most talked among joggers?
A. body size B. lung cancer C. died D. heart disease and high blood pressure
45. There are many factors that affect your weight. They are _______
A. body type, diet, exercise level, sex and age
B. high blood pressure, sex and age
C. heart disease and high blood pressure
D. body type and heart disease
One evening Dr. Peterson was at a party. A woman came up to him and began to
talk about her back. "Its very painful (41)_______ I've worked for a long time in my18
garden", the woman said. "You've hurt it by bending for too long", Dr. Peterson replied.
He then showed her (42)_______ to do some exercises. However, (43)_______ the
woman left he felt very angry. He went up to a friend of his who was a lawyer. He told
him about (44)_______ the woman and asked him for his advice. "Do you think I
(45)_______ to send her a bill?" he asked. The lawyer thought for a moment and
nodded. "How much should I charge (46)_______ giving all that advice?" Dr. Peterson
asked. "Change her your usual fee" they lawyer said. The next day Dr. Peterson sent the
woman a bill. (47)_______ a few days later he was surprised (48)_______ letter from
the lawyer. (49)_______ he opened the letter, he saw the following brief note: "Please
find a bill for $50 for the advice (50)_______"
46. A. because B. for C. by D. as soon as
47. A. what B. why C. when D. how
48. A. when B. because C. if D. for
49. A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. he met
50. A. should B. had better C. ought D. must
51. A. by B. because of C. owing to D. for
52. A. However B. In addition C. There fore D. Alternatively
53. A. by receiving B. to receive C. for receiving D. receive
54. A. Because B. When C. Until D. For
55. A. gave you B. What I gave you C. when I gave you D. I gave you
Key 1
1. d 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. c 8. d 9. a 10.d
11.c 12.c 13.a 14.c 15.c 16.a 17.c 18.a 19.a 20.b
21.c 22.a 23.d 24.a 25.c 26.b 27.c 28.b 29.b 30.a
31.d 32.b 33.c 34.a 35.a 36.a 37.b 38.b 39.d 40.a
41.a 42.d 43.a 44.b 45.c 46.d 47.a 48.b 49.b 50.d
TEST 2
Part 1: Phonetics:
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest in each
group
1. A. pretty B. get C. send D. well
2. A. Valentine B. imagine C. discipline D. magazine
3. A. chorus B. cherish C. chaos D. scholar
4. A. house B. hour C. heat D. hand
5. A. feat B. great C. seat D. beat
Choose the word whose syllable is stressed differently from the rest in each group
6. A. recycled B. polluted C. fertilized D. preserved19
7. A. element B. erosion C. elephant D. quantity
8. A. focus B. attain C. emit D. discard
9. A. capture B. apparent C. horrible D. tolerant
10. A. especially B. comfortably C. carefully D. possibly
Part 2: Vocabulary - grammar and structures
Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D
11. If you want to learn something, you had better pay_______ in class.
A. care B. respect C. attention D. notice
12. Your voice reminds me of somebody, but I can't remember_______.
A. it is B. who is C. who he is D. who
13. Although he loved his country_______ most of his life abroad.
A. but spent B. but he spent C. he spent D. so he spent
14. _______ the weather forecast, it will rain heavily later this morning
A. On account of B. According to C. Because of D. Due to
15. I don't _______ locking the door.
A. remember B. forget C. remind D. A & B are correct
16. I love this painting of an old man. He has such a beautiful, _______ smile
A. childhood B. childish C. childless D. childlike
17. I think you'd rather_______ to the mountains for your holiday.
A. to go B. going C. go D. have gone
18. I shall do the job to the best of my_______.
A. capacity B. ability C. knowledge D. talent
19. If it's raining tomorrow, we shall have to put_______ the match till Sunday.
A. off B. away C. in D. on
20. It's obvious that neither the works_______ to fight the new rules.
A. nor the manager intend B. intend nor the manager
C. nor the manager intends D. intend nor the manager intends
21. She stopped him_______ home by hiding the car key.
A. not drive B. not to drive C. to drive D.from driving
22. When he_______ all the letters, he took them to the post office.
A. has written B. had written C. wrote D. had been writing
23. The flat_______ of three rooms, with a kitchen and a bathroom.
A. composes B. contains C. includes D. consists
24. After Mary_______ her degree, she intends to work in her father's company.
A. will finish B. is finishing C. finishes D. will have finished
25. _______ the rise in unemployment, people still seem to be spending more.20
A. Meanwhile B. Nevertheless C. Although D. Despite
Which sentence expresses the same idea as the given one?
26. The think fog made it impossible for the plane to land
A. The plane couldn't land
B. We couldn't control the plane because the fog was thick
C. We couldn't control the plane because of the thick fog.
D. The thick fog prevented the plane from landing
27. I never want to see another film about space travel
A. I haven't seen a film about space travel
B. I have enjoyed all the film I have seen about space travel
C. I am anxious not to miss the next film about space travel
D. I am tired of seeing films about space travel
28. Whenever she went to Paris she bought a new dress.
A. She never went to Paris to buy a new dress.
B. She never went to Paris without buying a new dress.
C. She never bought a new dress without going to Paris.
D. She never bought a new dress when she went to Paris.
29. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking
A. In spite of we felt cold, we kept walking
B. Although we felt cold, we kept walking
C. However cold we felt, but we kept walking
D. However we felt cold, we kept walking
30. No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't open the door.
A. Try as hard as I might I couldn't open the door.
B. Although I try, I couldn't open the door.
C. It is difficult for me to open the door.
D. I could open the door with difficulty.
Choose a word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting
31. She found it (A) hard to (B) concentrating on her book (C) because of the (D) the
noise.
32. Have you met (A) Bill's sisters? - I've met (B) one. I didn't know he (C) had (D)
other sister.
33. Customs are (A) different from (B) one region (C) of the country (D) to another.
34. The (A) job as a (B) booksell helps her (C) to support (D) her family.
35. It (A) is possible (B) determining that French explorers reached the juncture (C) of
the Kansas and Missouri rivers (D) in the seventeenth century.
Part 3: Reading21
Read the passages below and choose the correct answer among A, B, C or D.
Laurel or Hardy?
He was a music-hall comedian in England before he went to America in 1910. In
those days he often (36)_______ Chaplin. He made his first short film in 1918 but did
not (37)_______ to establish himself in the competitive (38)_______ of the screen
comedy. The first film he made with his famous fat (39)_______ was called Putting
pants on Philip in 1927. Many critics (40)_______ that he was the more creative
(41)_______ of the partnership. The humorist Leo McCarey (42)_______ him a rare
comic who was intelligent (43)_______ to make up his own gaps. (44)_______, he was
remarkably talented, while his partner was (45)_______ and this was the key to
understanding their relationship. As a (46)_______, throughout their career together he
(47)_______ on being paid twice as much as his friend because he believed he was
(48)_______ twice as much. While he wrote the films and (49)_______ part in their
creation, his partner was incapable of creating anything at all - it was amazing how he
managed to find his (50)_______ to the studio.
36. A. copied B. followed C. resembled D. liked
37. A. succeed B. reach C. fail D. managed
38. A. job B. field C. position D. place
39. A. pair B. Colleague C. partner D. match
40. A. persist B. claim C. refuse D. review
41. A. person B. member C. actor D. piece
42. A. considered B. said C. described D. saw
43. A. even B. quite C. enough D. also
44. A. Although B. Moreover C. However D. So
45. A. less B. least C. little D. hardly
46. A. fact B. conclusion C. matter D. result
47. A. persisted B. insisted C. kept D. demanded
48. A. valued B. making C. worth D. acting
49. A. took B. made C. was D. had
50. A. car B. road C. route D. review
Key 2
1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. b 8. b 9. b 10.a
11.c 12.d 13.c 14.b 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.a 20.c
21.d 22.b 23.d 24.c 25.d 26.d 27.d 28.b 29.b 30.a
31.b 32.c 33.c 34.b 35.b 36.a 37.d 38.b 39.c 40.b
41.b 42.a 43.c 44.b 45.a 46.d 47.b 48.c 49.a 50.d
TEST 322
Part 1: Phonetics:
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest in each
group
1. A. companion B. compoundC. conclusion D. contribution
2. A. bear B. hear C. lear D. tear
3. A. wind B. chin C. blind D. willing
4. A. angle B. alive C. adverb D. add
5. A. drunkard B. produce C. consult D. sunshine
Part 2: Vocabulary - grammar and structures
Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D
6. He went to see the sights. He had a______ tour
A. investigating B. sightseeing C. reviewing D. interesting
7. My brother is old enough to ______ his own living
A. earn B. produce C. share D. demand
8. She's running slowly through the park. She's______
A. walking B. riding C. jogging D. driving
9. Mark Twain______ his childhood in Hannibal, which is on the Mississippi.
A. lived B. spent C. stayed D. enjoyed
10. How do you speak this fraction: 3/5?
A. Three over fifth B. Three-fifth C. Three-fifths D. Three-fives
11. Nam's parents are very______ with his success.
A. please B. pleasant C. pleasing D. pleased
12. He is interested in ______ research.
A. working B. making C. studying D. doing
13. Boiled meat can be kept in ______ containers and shipped to other countries.
A. tight-air B. airtight C. airsick D. air-free
14. He can't buy that bicycle because he has______ money.
A. a lot of b. much C. little D. few
15. English______ in many parts of the world
A. is speaking B. speaking C. is spoken D. spoken
16. Lam doesn't work as hard as he ______ last year.
A. was B. did C. didn't D. wasn't
17. I remember______ you before, but I have forgotten your name.
A. to meet B. met C. meet D. meeting
18. She was tired______ her long walk.
A. because B. since C. as D. because of23
19. It is said that most______ are ill-prepared for their employment.
A. workers B. children C. girls D. boys
20. He was the first man______ across the channel.
A. swimming B. swim C. swam D. to swim
Which sentence expresses the same idea as the given one?
21. Taking photographs is not permitted here
A. Photographers must not use flash here
B. Do not remove these photographs
C. Do not use your camera here
D. Photographs are on sale here
22. I thought this film would be better.
A. The film was boring B. The film made me bored
C. I didn't like the film because it was boring
D. The film wasn't as good as I expected
23. You press this button to stop the machine
A. If you press this button, the machine doesn't stop
B. You can use this button to operate the machine
C. This button helps you to stop the machine
D. The machine can't stop without this button
24. I have never read such a good book before.
A. This book is the best I have never read.
B. This book is the best I have ever read.
C. This is the first time I had read such a good book.
D. This is the first time I read a good book.
25. The trip was boring but we enjoyed it a lot
A. We enjoyed boring trips. B. We were bored with the trip
C. The trip bored us D. We liked the trip very much although it was boring
Choose a word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting
26. You (A) can learn (B) a lot (C) about other countries by (D) to watch television.
27. (A) Since the liberation (B) many changes (C) has taken place (D) in the whole
country.
28. (A) My mother still (B) spends 14 hours (C) a day (D) do the housework
29. Her parents (A) don't allow (B) her (C) go out (D) in the evening.
30. (A) Do you know (B) Jim's brother (C) who house (D) is in your neighbourhood?
Part 3: Reading
Read the passages below and choose the correct answer among A, B, C or D.24
Coca Cola is a popular drink for people all over the world. At first, very few
people drank Coca Cola, but now it is sold in more than 160 countries. More than 1,6
billion gallons are sold every year. Coca Cola was invented by Dr. John Pemberton in
Atlanta on 8 May, 1886. However, the name Coca Cola was given by Frank Robinson,
one of Dr. Pemberton's partners. Later, in 1888, the business was sold to another man,
Asa Candler. He opened his first factory to produced this drink in 1895 in Dallas,
Texas. Since then, a great quantity of Coca Cola has been produced there.
Since 1982, a special kind of Coca Cola has been made for overweight people -
diet Coke. They have used many clever advertisements to increase the amount of Coca
Cola sold every year.
Besides Coca Cola, there are many other drinks of the same kind sold all over the
world such as Pepsi Cola, Sp-Cola and Dr. Pepper. However, Coca Cola is the most
popular. People drink Coca Cola with their meals, when they are thirsty or when they
socialize with friends.
It is certain that more and more people will drink Coca Cola all over the world in
this century.
31. Coca Cola was first made______
A. in the USA B. in England C. in Australia D. in Canada
32. The name Coca Cola was given to the drink by______
A. Dr. Pemberton B. Asa Candler C. Frank Robinson D. Dr. Pepper
33. Every year, people all over the world drink about______ gallons of Coca Cola.
A. 1,6 million B. 1,6 billion C. 16 million D. 16. trillion
34. Diet Coke is used for ______ people.
A. fat B. sick C. thin D. small
35. Coca Cola is_______
A. more popular than other drinks of the same kind C. as popular as Sp Cola
B. less popular than other drinks of the same kind D. as not popular as other drinks
of the same kind.
A YEAR IN CANADA
I was born in London and had lived in cities (36)_______ most of my life. The one
exception is the year I (37)_______ with my uncle in Canada. He owned (38)_______
enormous farm, miles from anywhere. Every morning, I (39)_______ to get up with the
sun and help my uncle on the (40)_______ He was such a nice man, though, that I
couldn't let him know how (41)_______ I was.
So you can imagine my feelings when, because of my husband's work, we
(42)_______ to this small village three years ago. We arrived in the middle of January
and (43)_______ was snow everywhere. The heating didn't (44)_______ and it was
freezing cold. However, the welcome from our neighbours was warm and we continued
to feel very much at home in the village. I have never once (45)_______ coming here.
36. A. in B. for C. to D. of
37. A. continued B. spend C. remained D. attended25
38. A. an B. what C. the D. such
39. A. must B. had C. should D. ought
40. A. land B. field C. ground D. soil
41. A. miserable B. unlucky C. convenient D. fortune
42. A. replaced B. moved C. departed D. followed
43. A. It B. that C. what D. there
44. A. burn B. work C. make D. happen
45. A. cared B. missed C. regretted D. disappointed
Key 3
1. d 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. b 7. d 8. d 9. c 10.a
11.b 12.a 13.c 14.b 15.c 16.d 17.d 18.b 19.c 20.c
21.b 22.d 23.d 24.a 25.a 26.c 27.d 28.c 29.b 30.d
31.d 32.c 33.d 34.c 35.c 36.a 37.c 38.b 39.a 40.a
41.b 42.b 43.a 44.b 45.a 46.a 47.b 48.d 49.b 50.c26
Contents: I. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs.
II. Noun clauses and relative clauses.
III. Gerund and infinitive
IV. Useful Structures
V. Communicative function
VI. Tag questions.
I. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs.
A. Adjectives and Adverbs.
1. Adjectives:
* Positions: - Adj. + N . beautiful hat.
- be/ seem/ appear/ feel/ taste/ look/ keep.... + Adj. He seems tired now.
- be/ seem/ look/ taste...+ too + Adj. He is too young to drive a motorbike.
- be + Adj + enough . She is tall enough to play volleyball.
- be/ seem/ look/ taste/ smell/ ... + so + Adj. + that.
The story is so interesting that I can’t put it down.
- How + Adj. + S + V. How beautiful the girl is.
Notes: Trật tự từ của tính từ:
- Tính từ chỉ cảm nghĩ đứng trước tính từ miêu tả: an interesting young man.
- Đôi khi chúng ta dùng hai hay nhiều tính từ miêu tả trong một câu, thì trật tự của chúng được sắp xếp
như sau:
Số lượng + Chất lượng + Kích thước + Tuổi tác + Màu sắc + Xuất xứ( quốc gia)+ Chất liệu +
NOUN.
eg: a beautiful old French picture
- Tính từ chỉ kích thước và chiều dài( big, tall, long...) thường đi trước tính từ chỉ hình dáng và chiều
rộng( round, fat, wide...). eg. a long narrow street.
- Khi có hai hoặc hơn hai tính từ chỉ màu sắc,ta dùng liên từ ‘and’.
eg.a red, white and green flag.
2. Adverbs: là những từ dùng để diễn tả tính cách, đặc tính, mức độ, trạng thái... và được dùng để bổ
nghĩa cho động từ, tính từ, trạng từ khác hoặc cho cả câu.
* Positions: - V(trợ động từ) + Adv. + V (thường). I have recently finished my homework.
- be/ feel/ look/ ....+ Adv + Adj. I feel completely interested in this book.
- V (thường) + too + Adv. He studied too lazily to pass his exam.
- V(thường) + so + Adv. + that. Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
- S + V ( + O) + Adv. He drives carefully.
- V (thường) + Adv. + enough. He worked hard enough to succeed.
- Adv. cũng có thể đứng một mình ở đầu câu( hoặc giữa câu giữa hai dấu “,”)
Suddenly, he heard a strange voice.
B. Degrees of comparison of Adj. and Adv.
1. Equal degree: S + V + as + Adj/ Adv + as + N/ Pronoun.
eg. He is as tall as his father. / Mai is as beautiful as her mother.27
- Có thể thay ‘as’ bằng ‘so’ trong câu phủ định. S + Be not + as/so +Adj + as N/ Pronoun.
S + do/ does not +as/so + Adv+............
eg. Your pen is not so expensive as mine.
- Có thể diễn đạt ý bằng nhau, như nhau:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as +noun(pronoun).
eg. My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his.
Marry is as old as Tony = Marry and Tony are the same age.
2. Comparative degree:
a. Short Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + short Adj/Adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun.
eg.- Today is hotter than yesterday.
- He runs faster than I do.
- Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là phụ âm đơn ( trừ w, x, z) đứng trước một nguyên âm đơn thì gấp đôi
phụ âm cuối + er. big-bigger
- Tính từ 2 âm tiết có tận cùng là : y, le, er, ow, et + er. quieter, cleverer, narrower....
- Tính từ 2 âm tiết nhưng kết thúc bằng một phụ âm +y, đổi ‘y’ thành ‘i’ + er. happier.
- So sánh hơn có thể được nhấn mạnh bằng cách cộng thêm ‘much’ hoặc ‘far’.
S + V + far/ much + short.Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun.
eg. Today is much hotter than yesterday.
b. Long Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + more long Adj/ Adv + than + Noun/Pronoun.
eg. This chair is more comfortable than the other.
He speaks English more fluently than I do.
- Nhấn mạnh : S + V + far/ much + more + long Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun.
eg. Hoa’s watch is much/ far more expensive than mine.
He reads much more rapidly than his brother.
- So sánh kém hơn: S + V + less Adj/ Adv than noun/ pronoun.
eg. My TV is less beautiful than yours.
He drives less carefully than I think.
3.Superlative degree:
S + V + the + short.Adj/Adv + est + in( danh từ đếm được số ít)
+ the most + long Adj/ Adv + of( danh từ đếm được số nhiều)
+ least + Adj/ Adv
eg. He is the tallest in my class.
Nga is the most inteligent of all the students.
Those shoes are the least expensive of all.
Note:
Adjectives/ Adverbs Comparative Superlative
- good/ well
- bad/ badly
- many/ much
better
worse
more
the best
the worst
the most28
- little
- far
- near
- late
- old
less
farther
further
nearer
later
older
elder
the least
the farthest(về khoảng cách)
the furthest( về thời gian)
the nearest(về khoảng cách)
the next( về thứ tự)
the latest( về thời gian)
the last( về thứ tự)
the oldest( về tuổi tác)
the eldest( về cấp bậc hơn là tuổi tác)
4. So sánh kép( double comparatives):
a. Càng ngày ....... càng, mỗi lúc một...... hơn.
* Với tính từ ngắn: Adj + ER and Adj + er. The weather gets warmer and warmer
* Với tính từ dài: more and more + Adj. She becomes more and more beautiful.
b. Càng ngày càng ít...., càng ngày càng kém....: less and less + Adj.
eg. He is less and less hard-working.
c. Càng .... thì càng.......
* Với tính từ ngắn: The adj. + er......., the adj. + er.
eg. The darker it gets, the colder it is.
* Với tính từ dài: The more adj......., the more adj.........
eg. The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is.
* Với động từ: the more...., the more...... The more you learn, the more you forget.
Note: Nhiều khi hai vế không cùng một loại tính từ dài hay ngắn nhưng có thể sử dụng lẫn lộn với
nhau.( hoặc vế trước tính từ, vế sau động từ hoặc ngược lại...)
eg. The more she smiles, the more graceful she is.
d. Càng ít........, thì càng ít........ Càng kém....., ....thì càng kém......
* Với tính từ: The less + adj........, the less + adj. .......
eg. The less difficult the lessons are, the less hard-working the students.
* Với động từ : the less....., the less.....
The less I live with him, the less I like him.
5. Những cách nói khác có tính cách so sánh.
a. Other .... than........: khác. I want to read other novels than these.
b. Rather than: hơn là. We want to be poor rather than rich.
c. Had better: nên You’d better stay at home than go fishing.
d. Had rather hoặc Would rather: thích.. ..hơn .We’d rather watch a film than read a book.
6. Danh từ cũng có thể được dùng trong so sánh:
S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun.
hoặc S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun.
eg. He earns as much money as his brother.
I have more books than she does.29
Exercises
I. Choose the best answer
1. Of the four dresses, which is ………………..expensive?
A. the best B. the most C. the more D. the greater
2. The larger the apartment is, the ................... the rent is.
A. expensive B. more expensive C. expensively D. most expensive
3. The faster we walk,………….. we will get there.
A. the soonest B. the soon C. the more soon D. the sooner
4. “ Why did you buy these oranges? ” “They were ……….….. I could find. ”
A. cheapest B. cheapest ones C. the cheapest ones D. the most cheapest
5. She plays the piano …………… as she sings.
A. as beautifully B. more beautifully C. as beautiful D. the most beautifully
6. The streets are getting more and …………… these days.
A. crowded B. less crowded C. more crowded D. most crowded
7. The larger the city is, …………… the crime rate is.
A. highest B. higher C. the highest D. the higher
8. You must explain your problems …………....
A. as clear as you can B. as clearly as you can
C. as clear than you are D. as clearly as you are
9. Pil is ……………… person we know.
A. the happier B. the happiest C. happier D. happiest
10. Which woman are you going to vote for? –I’m not sure. Everyone says that Joan is………….
A. smarter B. the smarter C. more smarter D. more smart
11. Bill is ………………
A. lazier and lazier B. more and more lazy C. lazier and more lazy D. more lazy and lazier
12. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere …………………?
A. noisier B. more quiet C. more noisy D. quieter
13. ………………..the time passes, ………………….I feel ! The deadline of my thesis is coming ,
but I have just finished half of it.
A. The faster / the nervous B. The more fast / the nervous
C. The fast / the more nervous D. The faster / the more nervous
14. China is the country with…………………..population.
A. the larger B. the more large C. the largest D. the most large
15. She sat there quietly, but during all that time she was getting……………… .Finally she exploded.
A. more and more angry B. the more angry
C. angrier and angrier D. the most angry
16. For ……………….., it is certain that in the future some things will be very different.
A. the better or the worse B. the good or the bad C. good or bad D. better or worse
17. Her grandfather’s illness was…………………..we thought at first.
A. more seriously as B. as seriously as B. more serious than D. as serious than
18. My brother was feeling tired last night, so he went to bed…………..usual.30
A. more early than B. as early as C more earlier as D. earlier than
19._______ you study for these exams, _______ you will do.
A. The harder / the better B. The more / the much
C. The hardest / the best D. The more hard / the more good
20. His house is _______ mine.
A. twice as big as B. as twice big as C. as two times big as D. as big as twice
II. Choose the underlined part that needs corrections in each of the following questions.
1. Nobody is happy than Miss Snow is. ( happier)
A B C D
2. He needs many more sugar than I do. (much)
A B C D
3. Does Mary feel weller today than she did yesterday? (better)
A B C D
4. It’s becoming hard and harder to find a job. (harder)
A B C D
5. The more you have, the most you want. (The more)
A B C D
II. Noun clauses and relative clauses.
I. Noun clauses: - Là một mệnh đề phụ làm công việc của một danh từ.
- Noun clause: được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các từ nối: That, who, what, which, where, when, how,
whether.
- Khi dùng các từ nối trên, động từ trong MĐ danh ngữ chia ở thể xác định, không chia ở thể nghi vấn.
1. Noun clause làm chủ ngữ trong câu:
eg. What he said was not true.
2. Noun clause làm tân ngữ trong câu:
eg. I’ll tell you when he comes. I didn’t believe what he said.
3. Noun clause làm bổ ngữ trong câu:
eg. Money is what she needs.
II. Relative clauses:
- Còn được gọi là Adj clause (MĐ tính ngữ) vì nó là MĐ phụ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng
trước nó.
- MĐQH được nối với MĐ chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That hoặc các
trạng từ quan hệ When, Where, Why.
- Vị trí : MĐQH đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa.
** THE USES:
1.Who: - là một ĐTQH chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.
eg. This is the man. He is my teacher. – This is the man who is my teacher
The man is my brother. He is standing overthere.- The man who is standing overthere is...
2. Whom: - là một ĐTQH chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau
nó.31
eg. The woman is my aunt. You saw her yesterday.
- The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
- Whom : có thể được bỏ. - The woman you saw yesterday is my aunt.
3. Which: là một ĐTQH chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ đứng
sau nó.
eg. The hat is mine. It’s on the table.
- The hat which is on the table is mine.
eg. This is the book. You gave it to me yesterday.
- This is the book which you gave me yesterday.
- Which : có thể được bỏ khi nó làm tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó.
eg. This is the book you gave me yesterday.
4.That: - là ĐTQH chỉ cả người và vật.
- That có thể dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which trong MĐQH xác định.
eg. That is the car that he bought last month.
5.Whose: là một ĐTQH, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người và thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ. Whose
cũng được dùng cho vật ( = of which). Sau Whose luôn là một danh từ.
eg. The woman whose wallet was stolen yesterday is my sister.
6.When: là một trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian.
- When được dùng thay cho at / on / in + which ; then.
eg. I’ll never forget the day when I met her.
That was the time when she saw the thief.
7.Where: là một trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn.
Where được dùng thay cho at / on / in + which; there.
eg. That is the house where we are living now.
Your home town is a place where you were you born.
8. Why: = for which - là một trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lý do, đứng sau tiền ngữ ‘ THE REASON’.
- dùng thay cho ‘ FOR THE REASON’.
eg. Please tell me the reason why you are so sad.
III. Phân loại : có 2 loại relative clauses.
1.Definite clause: (MĐ xác định)
- Là mệnh đề giúp ta nhận ra đặc điểm, tính chất đặc biệt của người hay vật được nói đến.Nếu ta bỏ
chúng đi thì câu không đủ nghĩa hoặc không giữ được nghĩa gốc ban đầu.
- Liền ngay trước và sau mệnh đề không có dấu phẩy.
- That có thể thay cho who và which trong mệnh đề loại này.
eg. -The man is my teacher He’s standing overthere.
The man who(that) is standing overthere is my teacher.
- The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday.
The book which(that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
2.Non-defining clause: (MĐ không xác định)
- Mệnh đề này chỉ giải thích thêm danh từ đứng trước nó và có thể bỏ đi mà nghĩa của câu không thay
đổi.
- Liền ngay trước và sau mệnh đề có dấu phẩy.32
- That không được sử dụng trong câu có mệnh đề loại này.
eg. This hat, which my sister gave me on my birthday , is expensive.
IV. Trường hợp động từ của MĐQH có giới từ( chỉ dùng với who và which).
- Ta đặt giới từ trước MĐQH( trước who, which).
- Ta cũng có thể bỏ whom hoặc which và đặt giới từ ra sau động từ của MĐQH( chỉ áp dụng với MĐ
xác định).
- Khi dùng that, ta không được chuyển giới từ lên trước mà vẫn phải để sau động từ.
eg. The man is Mr. Nam. Hoa is talking to him.
The man to whom Hoa is talking is Mr. Nam.
The man Hoa is talking to is Mr. Nam.
The man that Hoa is talking to is Mr. Nam.
- Nếu giới từ là thành phần của động từ kép thì ta không chuyển chúng ra trước
whom, which. eg. This is the book which I’m looking for.
• Nếu chủ ngữ của câu là các đại từ bất định thì ta chỉ dùng That là đại từ quan hệ.
eg. Everything that she said yesterday was not correct.
V. Dạng rút gọn của MĐQH:
1. MĐQH có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ.
a. Nếu động từ trong MĐQH ở thể chủ động, ta dùng hiện tại phân từ thay cho mđ đó(bỏ đại từ quan
hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên dạng và thêm -ing.)
eg. The girl sitting next to you is my sister.
Do you know the man breaking the window last night?
b. Nếu động từ trong MĐQH ở thể bị động ta dùng quá khứ phân từ thay cho mđ đó( bỏ đại từ quan hệ
và trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng Vpp).
eg. The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
2. MĐQH có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng‘TO- INF, or INF.PHRASE( for+O+to inf.)
eg.- English is an important language which we have to master.
English is an important language to master.
- Here is a form that you must fill in.
Here is a form for you to fill in.
• (Khi một MĐ tính ngữ mà trước nó là một MĐ thì đó là MĐ không xác định.)
Exercise
Choose the best answer
1. Sunday is the day..........I go to Water park with my kids.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
2. That was the reason..........he didn't marry her.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
3. An architect is someone..........deigns buildings.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
4. The boy to..........I lent my money is poor.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
5. The land and the people..........I have met are nice.33
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
6. I can answer the question ..........you say is very difficult.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
7. This is the place..........the battle took place ten years ago.
A. which B. in where C. where D. from where
8. Saturday is the day..........which we usually go fishing.
A. during B. at C. in D. on
9. This is the last time..........I speak to you.
A. of which B. whose C. that D. which
10. He talked about the books and the authors..........interested him.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
11. Bondi is the beautiful beach..........I used to sunbathe.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
12. Dec 26th, 05 was the day..........the terrible tsunami happened.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
13. The woman..........lives next my door is doctor.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
14. The boy..........Mary likes is my son.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
15. The boy..........eyes are brown is my son.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
16. The table..........legs are broken should be repaired.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
17. The town..........we are living is noisy and crowded
A. where B. in where C. which D. at which
18. The year..........we came to live here was 1997
A. when B. which C. that D. in the time
19. The worker..........house is next to mine died this morning.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. whose
20. The lady..........son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
21. Take..........measures you consider best.
A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. wherever
22. ..........difficulties you may encounter, I'm sure you'll succeed.
A. how B. whatever C. however D. how great
23. He is the only friend..........I like.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
24. I didn't get the job..........which I applied.
A. in B. on C. at D. for34
25. The man..........whom she is married has been married twice before.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
26. I wasn't interested in the things..........which they were talking.
A. in B. on C. at D. about
27. The bed..........which I slept was too soft.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
28. The party..........which we went wasn't very enjoyable.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
29. The flight..........which we wanted to travel was fully booked.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
30. She is the most beautiful girl..........ever lived.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
31. The decision was postponed,..........was exactly what he wanted.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
32. All the people..........have gone into the room are still young.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
33. Jack has three brothers, all of..........are married.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
34. They gave us a lot of information, most of..........was useless.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
35. There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of..........I had met before.
A. who B. whom C. them D. that
36. I have sent him two letters, neither of..........has arrived.
A. who B. them C. which D. that
37. John won $,600, half of..........he gave to his parents.
A. whom B. which C. that D. it
38. Ten people applied for the job, none of..........were suitable.
A. who B. whom C. them D. that
39. Jill isn't on the phone,..........makes it difficult to contact her.
A. which B. that C. who D. it
40. Bod is the kind of person to..........one can talk about anything.
A. who B. whom C. that D. him
41. He is a person..........friends trust him.
A. who B. whose C. his D. that
42. Your career should focus on a field in................you are genuinely interested.
A. which B. what C. that D. why
43. People..........outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people.
A. whose B. whom C. that D. which
45. They said they didn't have any money,..........was a pity.
A. which B. that C. this D. it35
46. I haven't got a passport...........means I can't leave my country.
A. which B. that C. this D. it
47. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night,..........makes it difficult to sleep.
A. which B. where C. that D. this
48. That is the place..........the accident occurred.
A. where B. which C. on which D. that
49. The boys ……………. tennis over there are my new neighbor.
A. who plays B. playing C. that playing D. are playing
50. He read the Old Man and The Sea, a novel ………….by Ernest Hemingway.
A. written B. which written C. writing D. that wrote
III. Gerund and infinitive
A. Gerund
Danh ñoäng töø coù caáu truùc gioáng nhö hieän taïi phaân töø ( töùc laø ñoäng töø theâm ING) : talking,
learning, cutting, lying…
Danh ñoäng töø, nhö teân goïi, laø ñoäng töø duøng nhö danh töø. Danh ñoäng töø chuû yeáu ñöùng ôû vò trí, vaø
thöïc hieän chöùc naêng, cuûa moät danh töø trong caâu. Noù thöôøng ñöôïc :
1/ Duøng laøm S : (subject)
- Swimming is good for our health.
- Being friendly will bring you friends.
2/ Duøng laøm O : (object of a verb)
- These boys like swimming.
- My brother practises speaking English every day.
3/ Duøng laøm boå ngöõ cho S : (subject complement)
- My hobby is swimming.
- Seeing is believing.
4/ Duøng laøm O cho giôùi töø : (object of a preposition)
- He is fond of swimming.
- She is interested in learning English.
5/ Duøng trong caâu ngaên caám ngaén (short prohibition) hoaëc ñeå thaønh laäp danh töø keùp
(compound noun)
- No smoking.
- No talking, please.
- a swimming pool.
- a dining room.
- a washing machine.
6/ Duøng sau tính töø sôû höõu :
- Please forgive my coming late.
- His driving carelessly often causes accidents.36
7/ Duøng sau moät soá ñoäng töø vaø moät soá caùch dieãn ñaït nhaát ñònh nhö : admit, advise, avoid,
consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, hate, keep, like, mind, practise, postpone, quit, risk,
suggest, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand, be worth, be busy, it’s no use, there’s no…
- We enjoy listening to music.
- I can’t help laughing when she makes jokes.
B. Infinitive
Ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu thöôøng coù giôùi töø to ñöùng tröôùc (to do, to learn, to help, to advise…) vaø
ñöôïc duøng trong nhöõng tröôøng hôïp sau :
1/ Laøm S,O hoaëc boå ngöõ (complement) trong caâu :
- To conceal the truth from her was foolish.
- He wanted to become a spaceman.
- What he asked for is to be left alone.
2/ Laøm tính töø boå nghóa cho danh töø :
- He was the first man to leave the room.
- English is an important language to master.
3/ Laøm traïng töø dieãn taû caùc noäi dung sau :
* Muïc ñích cuûa haønh ñoäng.
- He went to the station to meet her.
- He bought a dictionary to study English.
* Keát quaû, haäu quaû. (sau TOO +Adj / Adv)
- She is too tired to go for a walk.
- The box was too heavy for her to carry.
* Hieäu quaû. (sau Adj / Adv + ENOUGH)
- I’m strong enough to carry that heavy box.
- He isn’t rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi.
4/ Duøng sau moät soá ñoäng töø nhaát ñònh nhö : afford, agree, arrange, decide, demand, expect,
fail, hope, intend, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise,refuse, threaten, want,
wish, would like…
- They promised to come back soon.
- He can’t afford to take a taxi.
…vaø duøng sau moät soá ñoäng töø coù O (verb + obj + to inf) nhö : advise, allow, ask, beg,
encourage, expect, forbid, force, help, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach,
tell, want, warn…
- They don’t allow us to smoke in the office.
- I taught myself to play the guitar.
+ Chuù yù : Moät soá ñoäng töø coù theå theo sau bôûi danh ñoäng töø hoaëc ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu nhöng coù
söï khaùc bieät veà nghóa trong caâu.
(*) Remember + gerund : nhôù laïi vieäc ñaõ thöïc hieän.
- I remember posting the letter.37
Remember + to infinitive : nhôù ñeå thöïc hieän.
- I remember to post the letter.
(*) Stop + gerund : ngöng thöïc hieän vieäc ñang laøm.
- She stopped mending the dress.
Stop + to infinitive : ngöng laøm moät vieäc gì khaùc ñeå laøm vieäc naøy.
- He stopped to have a drink.
(*) Try + gerund : thöû laøm vieäc gì .
- I try writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better.
Try + to infinitive : coá gaéng laøm vieäc gì.
- They tried to work as hard as they could.
(*) Mean + gerund : mang yù nghóa.
- Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year.
Mean + to infinitive : döï ñònh laøm vieäc gì.
- He means to take the coming exam.
(*) Forget + gerund : queân ñieàu gì ñaõ xaûy ra.
- I forgot telling her this story.
Forget + to infinitive : queân laøm ñieàu gì.
- I forgot to tell her about this.
(*) Regret + gerund : hoái tieác vieäc ñaõ xaûy ra.
- She regrets going to a village school.
- The party was great. He regretted not to go there.
Regret + to infinitive :Lấy laøm tieác phảiõ laøm vieäc gì.
- I regret to say that she can’t come tonight
C. Bare Infinitive
Ñaây laø ñoäng töø nguyeân theå khoâng ñi keøm vôùi to (infinitive without to) vaø ñöôïc söû duïng trong
caùc tröôøng hôïp sau :
1/ Duøng sau caùc ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát (Modal verbs) nhö : can, could, may, might, must,
ought to…
- You may go now.
- They must finish the work by now.
2/ Duøng sau caùc ñoäng töø : HAVE, LET, MAKE, HELP…
- I helped the child tidy his desk.
- He had a painter paint the gate.
- They let him enter the room without a ticket.
- My parents make me go to bed early.
3/ Duøng sau BUT, EXCEPT vôùi nghóa “ngoaïi tröø”
- Why don’t you do anything but complain?38
- She agreed to do everything but help him with the homework.
4/ Duøng sau caùc ñoäng töø chæ giaùc quan nhö : see, watch, hear, notice, observe, spot…
- We heard them sing all morning.
- He saw the thief enter the hall.
Chuù yù : nhö ta ñaõ bieát hieän taïi phaân töø (present participle) coù theå ñöôïc duøng cho caùc ñoäng töø
treân ñeå dieãn tả haønh ñoäng ñang tieáp dieãn. Coøn ñoäng töø nguyeân theå duøng trong tröôøng hôïp naøy chæ
haønh ñoäng ñaõ hoaøn taát.
- I watched them playing football for a while. (traän ñaáu vaãn ñang tieáp dieãn)
- I watched them play football yesterday afternoon. (xem toaøn boä traän ñaáu)
Exercise
GERUND
Choose the best answer
1. I’m worried _______ my final exam in statistics.
A. about falling B. to fall C. with falling D. to fallure
2. ________ the scholarship really surprised me .
A. Mike got B. Mike getting C. Mike’s getting D. Mike gets
3. Many northerners look forward _______ a garden in the spring .
A. to plant B. to planting C. with planting D. to planting of
4. “May I have a word with you ,Mrs. Adam ? ” – “ Is this in regard ______ late yesterday ?”
A. of you coming B. to you coming C. to your coming D. of your coming
5. Who is responsible _______ the garbage – the husband of the wife ?
A. to take out B. for take out C. for taking out D. with taking out
6. I think ________ at the train station will surprise Aunt Kate .
A. your being B. you are C. you being D. you to be
7. “ How do I turn on the T.V ? ” – “ _____ the button at the right .”
A. From pushing B. By pushing C. You pushing D. To push
8. “It’s difficult to make money as an artist .”
– “ Have you considered _______ a course in business for artists ?”
A. To take B. about taking C. your taking D. taking
9. “ Why have you decided to go back to school ”
– “ I’m tired _______ as a secretary .”
A. for work B. to work C. of working D. about working
10. “ We were opponents of the political regime in our country.”
“ And that led to ____ to the United States thirty – five years ago .”
A. us coming B. our coming C. come D. us to come
11. “ How do you like American food ?”
– “ Well, it’s not bad . Now I _______ hamburgers .”
A. used to eat B. am used to eat C. used to eating D. am used to eating
12. We insisted ___________ by the manager .
A. to be seen B. to see C. on being seen D. on seeing39
13. _______ for director must have surprised you .
A. Your being nominated B. You nominated
C. Your nominating D. You’re being nominated
14. “ What are you reading ?”
– “ It’s a magazine article ______ your own furniture .”
A. to make it B. about make C. about making D. for make
15. ______ a foreign language well is a long process.
A. Learn B. Learning C. To learning D. Having learned
16. What do you enjoy _______ in your free time ?
A. doing B. do C. to do D. done
17. You can’t go to England without _________ to Bucking ham Palace .
A. go B. being gone C. to go D. going
18. Would you mind not ___________ ?
A. to be smoking B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoke
19. She was worried about ________ by thieves.
A. being robbed B. robbing C. being rob D. be robbing
20. You can’t stop me from _____ what I want.
A. doing B. do C. to do D. that I do
GERUND AND INFINITIVE
1. I can’t afford _______ you any more money .
A. borrowing B. to borrow C. to lend D. my lending
2. The teacher encouraged _______ good compositions .
A. us write B. us to write c. us writing d. us to writing
3. “ Stacey seems like a bright student .”
- “ She’s always the first ________ her work.”
A. to finish B. finishing C. to being finished with D. to be finish with
4. Please ask the restaurant clientele ________ in the no smoking area .
A. don’t smoke B. not to smoke C. not smoking D. don’t to smoke
5. “Why have you given up your job ? ”
– “ ______ on my present salary is impossible .”
A. For me to live B. To live for me C. Me living D. I live
6. “What’s wrong with Henry ? ” – “ He needs __________”
A. cheer up B. to be cheer up C. cheering up D. to cheered up
7. “Why are you mad ?” – “ I dislike ________ by my first name .”
A. you call B. you to call me C. your calling me D. you call me
8. “ Which baseball team do you support ?”
– “ We’d like ________”
A. the Tigers win B. That the Tigers win C. the Tigers will win D. the Tigers to win
9. “ May I help you ?”
– “ Yes , I need someone _______ the tire on my car .”
A. change B. to change C. changing D. to be changed40
10. “I heard Fred is going to work for the ambassader . ”
– “ Yes , he was lucky _______ such a good job.”
A. to give B. about getting C. to be given D. to be giving
11. Can you get the teacher ______ us less homework ?
A. give B. giving C. to give D. her giving
12. “ Mary hasn’t been feeling well lately .”
– “ Yes, we want _________ by a doctor .”
A. him to examine B. that he be examined
C. him to be examined D. he is examined
13. “ How did you travel so cheaply in Europe ? ”
– “ We reduced our expenses by taking the train and _____ in inexpensive restaurants . ”
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate
14. “ Your homemade ice cream is so good . What’s your secret ?”
– “ _____ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream .”
A. For make B. to make C. Making D. Make
15. “ I’d like to go bowling tonight .”
“ Don’t forget we’ve already made plans _______ to dinner at the Caihouns’ ”
A. to go B. going C. for go D.go
16. “ Why are you mad , Katherine ?” – “ That traffic jam _____ be late .”
A. made us B. caused us C. had us to D. forced us
17. “ My mother says I can’t marry Jim” – “ She should let ______ your own mind.”
A. you make up B. that you make up C. you to make up D. you making up
18. I can’t open the top of this apple juice .“ – “ ________ it.”
A. Mark have to do B. Make Mark to do C. Have Mark do D. Have Mark done
19. I can hear a cat ______ at the widow .
A. scratching B. scratches C. to scrath D. was scratching
20. “ Why do the police want to talk to you ?”
– “ Because we saw the money _____ last night.”
A. stealing B. been stolen C. stole D. stolen
IV. Useful Structures
1. It’s/ was + S + that + Predicate : ChÝnh…... mµ…....
eg. Smoking causes lung cancer. – It’s smoking that causes lung cancer.
My sister gave me a computer on my birthday.- It was my sister that gave gave me a computer on
my birthday
2.It’s + Adj + for somebody + to infi. = To infi. + be + Adj.
= Ving + be + Adj.41
eg.It’s difficult for me to learn Russian. = To learn Russian is difficult.
= Learning Russian is difficult.
It’s not easy to speak English perfectly. = To speak English perfectly is not easy.
3. It’s/ was possible/ impossible for somebody to infi.
= S + be + possible/ impossible + to infi.
eg. It’s impossible for us to finish the long test on time.
= We’re impossible to finish the long test on time.
4. It takes/ took/ will take + Smb + time + to infi.
= S + spend/ spent/ will spend + time + Ving.
eg. It takes me 30 minutes to cook dinner. = I spend 30 minutes cooking dinner.
5. S + be + said/ thought/ believed/ known …..+ that + clause.
= S + be + said/ thought/ believed/ known…... to infi./ to have + Vpp.
eg. It’s said that the earth is round. = The earth is said to be round.
6. It’s likely that + clause (will): cã thÓ
eg. It’s likely that man will conque nature.
7. – S + used to + V → (ñaõ töøng…) chæ moät thoùi quen ôû quaù khöù
eg. I used to cry when I was a child.
- S + use smt + to V. Sử dụng cái gì để làm gì
eg. I use a dictionary to look up the meaning of words.
- S + be/ get used to + Ving. → (quen vôùi…) töông đương vôùi Be accustomed to
8. Had better + (not) + to V : nªn, kh«ng nªn lµm g×
eg. You had better get up early and do morning exercises.
He’d better not smoke cigarettes.
9. Would rather + do smt than + do smt. ThÝch lµm viÖc g× h¬n viÖc g×
= Prefer doing smt to doing smt/( prefer N to N).
eg. I’d rather stay at home than go out. = I prefer staying at home to going out.
I prefer films to books.
10. Phrases and clauses of purpose.( Côm tõ vµ mÖnh ®Ò chØ môc ®Ých)
a. Phrases of purpose:
- NÕu muèn diÔn t¶ môc ®Ých kh¼ng ®Þnh ta dïng:
* to infinitive
* in order to/ so as to + V .( ®Ó mµ)
eg. They try to study to pass their next exam.
They try to study in order to pass their exam
- NÕu muèn diÔn t¶ môc ®Ých phñ ®Þnh ta dïng: so as not to, in order not to.
eg. They study hard so as not to fail the exam.
I got up early in order not to miss the train.
b. Clauses of purpose( Adverbial clauses of purpose)
S + V + so that/ in order that + S + will/ would + V
(M§ chÝnh) can/ could42
may/ might
( M§ tr¹ng ng÷ chØ môc ®Ých)
eg. I try to study so that I can pass the exam.
I try to learn English in order that I can find a good job.
Note: NÕu chñ ng÷ cña M§ chÝnh vµ M§ chØ môc ®Ých kh¸c nhau ta kh«ng dïng Phrases of
purpose.
c. Adverb clause of reason
Mệnh đề chỉ lí do là những mệnh đề phụ bắt đầu với liên từ ( conjunction) chỉ lí do như: because of, because,
since, as. Thông thường because, since và as có thể dùng thay thế cho nhau và mệnh đề chỉ lí do có thể đứng
trước hay sau mệnh đề chính. Tuy nhiên because được sử dụng khi lí do nêu ra là phần quan trọng nhất trong
câu, và thường đi sau mẹnh đề chính. Trái lại, since và as được dùng khi lí do nêu ra không quan trọng và
không được chú trọng bằng ý diễn đạt ở mệnh đề chính. since và as thường được đặt ở đầu câu.
She looked after the others because she was the oldest.
As we live near the sea we enjoy a healthy climate.
Since she was busy, she didn’t go to the party.
Because, since, as là những liên từ phụ thuộc chỉ lí do. Người ta còn có liên từ kết hợp for để chỉ lí do. For
không đứng đầu câu.
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.
BECAUSE + Clause → (bôûi vì…) giôùi thieäu meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ nguyeân do
- I couldn’t come to class yesterday because I was ill.
- Because the weather was bad, the flight was put off.
BECAUSE OF + Phrase → (bôûi vì…) duøng cuïm töø hoaëc danh töø sau because of (preposition)
- I couldn’t come to class yesterday because of his illness.
- Because of the bad weather, the flight was put off.
11. Phrases and clauses of result.
a. Phrases of result:
* TOO ( qu¸ …... kh«ng thÓ).
S + be/get/ look/ seem/ become…+ too + Adj +(for O)+ to infi.
S + V ( th-êng) + too + Adv +(for O)+ to infi.
eg. This coffee is too hot for me to drink.
He runs too slowly to catch the bus.
* ENOUGH ( ®ñ…....®Ó cã thÓ).
S + be + Adj + enough ( for O) + to infi.
S + V ( th-êng) + Adv + enough ( for O) + to infi.
eg. He’s intelligent enough to get good marks.
They speak slowly enough to understand.
b. Clauses of result:
* SO…..... THAT(qu¸ …......... ®Õn nçi).
S + be/ look/ seem/ smell/ taste/ feel….... + so +Adj + that + S + V.
( Main clause) ( Adverbial clause of result)
S + V ( th-êng) + so + adv + that + S + V.
eg. It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
- NÕu tríc ‘SO’ cã ‘ MANY, MUCH, FEW, LITTLE’ th× ta dïng cÊu tróc:43
S + V + so +many/ few + plural count. N + that + S + V.
eg. There are so many people in the room that I feel tired.
S + V + so much/ little + uncount.N + that + S + V.
eg. He spent so much money in his holiday that he runs out of money now.
* SUCH …........... THAT: (qu¸ …......... ®Õn nçi).
S + V + such a/ an + Adj + N + that + S + V.
eg. It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.
He is such an intelligent boy that we all admire him.
12. It’s time/ It’s high time ( ®· tíi lóc mµ mét viÖc nªn ®-îc lµm ngay).
a. Followed by past tense with present meaning:
It’s time + S + Ved ( be- were).- past subjunctive.
It’s high time
eg. It’s time we went home.
b. Followed by infi. – It’s time + ( for + O) + to Infi.
It’s high time + S + Ved
eg. It’s time for her to go to bed =It’s high time she went to bed
13. Clauses after Would rather( mong muèn r»ng).
a. Mong muèn ë t-¬ng lai: S + would rather ( that) + S ( not) + V bare infi.
eg. I’d rather (that) you not call me tomorrow.
I’d rather (that) she be here tomorrow.
b. Mong muèn ë hiÖn t¹i( tr¸i víi thùc tÕ, kh«ng cã thËt).
S + would rather (that) + S + V past subjunctive.
eg. I’d rather the weather were fine today.
Nam’d rather (that) his girlfriend worked in the same office as he does.
c. Mong muèn ë qu¸ khø : ( tr¸i víi thùc tÕ, kh«ng cã thËt).
S + would rather (that) + S + V past perfect subjunctive.
eg. John would rather (that) Marry had gone to school yesterday.
Exercise
Choose the best option
1. The weather was very cold. They couldn’t go out.
A. The weather was very cold and that they couldn’t go out.
B. The weather was so cold that they couldn’t go out.
C. The weather was not so cold they couldn’t go out.
D. The weather was very cold they couldn’t go out.
2. My teacher lives far from our school.
A. It’s a short distance from my teacher’s house to our school.
B. It’s a long distance from my teacher’s house to our school.
C. My teacher’s house is near our school.
D. My teacher lives near our school.
3. The water was so cold that we couldn’t swim in it.
A. The water was too cold for us to swim in it.44
B. The water was very cold for us to swim in.
C. The water wasn’t warm enough that we couldn’t swim in it.
D. The water was too cold for us to swim in.
4. Although there was a traffic jam, Mr. David managed to get to his office on time.
A. Despite traffic jam, Mr. David managed to get to his office on time.
B. In spite traffic jam, Mr. David managed to his office on time.
C. Despite of the traffic jam, Mr. David managed to his office on time.
D. In spite of the traffic jam, Mr. David managed to get to his office on time.
5. John began playing the organ five years ago.
A. John has been playing the organ five years ago.
B. John has played the organ for five years.
C. John has been playing the organ for five years .
D. John used to play the organ five years ago.
6. She can’t have any more children because of her old age.
A. She isn’t young enough to have more children.
B. She isn’t young to have more children.
C. She isn’t so young that to have more children.
D. She is too old that to have more children.
7. I like watching TV more than listening to the radio.
A. I prefer watching TV to listening to the radio.
B. I prefer watching TV than listening to the radio.
C. I’d better watching TV to listening to the radio.
D. I’d better watch TV to listening to the radio.
8. Unless you keep your feet dry, you will catch a cold.
A. You won’t catch a cold even if you don’t keep your feet dry.
B. You will catch a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry.
C. You will catch a cold if you keep your feet dry.
D. Unless you keep your feet wet, you won’t catch a cold.
9. Parents always make their children wash their hands before meals.
A. Children are always made to wash their hands before meals.
B. Children are always made wash their hands before meals.
C. Parents always allow their children to wash their hands before meals.
D. Parents always let their children wash their hands before meals.
10. In spite of heavy rain, my brother went to work.
A. In spite it rained heavily, my brother went to work.
B. Although it rained heavily, my brother went to work.
C. Despite it rained heavily, my brother went to work.
D. Although of heavy rain, my brother went to work.
11. They think that the owner of the house has gone abroad.
A.The owner of the house is thought to go abroad.
B.The owner of the house is thought to have been going abroad.45
C.The owner of the house is thought to have been gone abroad.
D.The owner of the house is thought to have gone abroad.
12 They cancelled all flights because of fog.
A. All flights were cancelled because of fog.
B. All flights because of fog were cancelled.
C. All flights were because of fog cancelled.
D. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog.
13. Because they made too many mistakes, they failed in the exam
A. They made very many mistakes that they failed in the exam
B. They made too many mistake for them to fail in the exam
C. They made so many mistakes that they failed in the exam
D. They made such many mistakes that they failed in the exam
V. Communicative function
1. CÁC MẪU ĐỀ NGHỊ NGƯỜI KHÁC GIÚP MÌNH:
Đề nghị Trả lời đồng ý Trả lời không đồng ý
- V0 …........., please.
- Can you / Could you +
V0….......
- Would you please + V0…........
- Will you + V0.
- I wonder if you’d/ could + V0.
- Certainly – Of course - Sure
- No problem
- What can I do for you?
- How can I help you?
I’m sorry. (I’m busy )
I’m afraid I can’t/ couldn’t
- Would / Do you mind Ving….....
- No I don’t mind.
- No, of course not. – Not at all.
- I’m sorry, I can’t.
2. CÁC MẪU MÌNH MUỐN GIÚP NGƯỜI KHÁC:
Trả lời đồng ý Trả lời không đồng ý
-Shall I…
- Would you like me to …
-Do you want me to …
- What can I do for you ?
- May I help you ?
- Do you need any help?
- Let me help you.
- Can I help you ?
-Yes. Thank you
-That’s very kind of you.
Yes, please.
Oh, would you really?
Thanks a lot.
No. Thank you
No, thank you. I can
manage.
No, there’s no need. But
thanks all the same.
Well, that’s very kind of
you, but I think I can
manage, thanks.
3. CÁC MẪU XIN PHÉP NGƯỜI KHÁC:
Trả lời đồng ý Trả lời không đồng ý
- May I ….? - Can I …..?
Could I
- Certainly – Of course
- I’d rather you didn’t46
-May I go out ?
-Do you think I could …
-I wonder if I could …
-Is it all right if I …
- Please do – Please go ahead
- Yes, by all means
- I’d prefer You didn’t
-No, I’m afraid you can’t
-I’m sorry, but you can’t.
- Would you mind if I + QKĐ
- Would you mind if I smoked ?
- Do you mind if I + HTĐ.
Do you mind if I smoke ?
- No, of course not.
- Not at all.
- Please do
- Please go ahead
4. CÁC MẪU CÂU RỦ, GỢI Ý LÀM GÌ :
Trả lời đồng ý Trả lời không đồng ý
1. Shall I / we… (do)?
2. Let’s… (do).
3. Why don’t I / we… (do)?
4. How about… (doing)?
5. What about… (doing)?
6. I think we should… (do).
7. I suggest that we… (do).
8. It might be a good idea if we / you… (do).
9. I think the best way of dealing with this situation
would be to… (do).
10. If you ask me, I think we / you should/ could…V
(do).
1. Yes, I think
that’s a good
idea.
2. That’s
probably the best
option.
3. Sure, why not?
4. Yes,
definitely.
5. By all means.
6. Good idea
No, let’s not.
5. CÁC MẪU CÂU CÁM ƠN:
Trả lời
- Thank you. – Thank you very much.
- Thanks a lot. – Thanks a lot for ….
- You’re welcome. – That’s all right.
- Not at all. – It’s my pleasure
6. CÁC MẪU CÂU hỏi lại khi nghe không rõ:
- Pardon? ( chữ này thông dụng các em cần nhớ)
- Please say that again.
- Could you repeat that?
7. CÁC MẪU CÂU MỜI:
a) Mời ăn uống: - Would you like + món ăn/uống
Ví dụ: Would you like a cup of tea? ( mời bạn uống trà)
Đáp lại: - Yes, please. / - No, thanks.
b) Mời đi đâu: - Would you like + to inf.
Ví dụ: - Would you like to go to the cinema with me? ( mời bạn đi xem phim với tôi)
- Would you like to go to the party? ( mời bạn đi dự tiệc)
8. CÁC MẪU CÂU CẢNH BÁO :
Don’t move! Mind you head! Watch out!47
Look out! Be careful! Take care!
9. CÁC MẪU CÂU CHUNG :
Showing
interest
(Thể hiện sự
quan tâm)
1. Uh-huh! 3. Right! 3. Really? 4. That’s
interesting!
5. And? 6. What then? 7. Oh? 8. What
happened next?
Showing that
you’re
listening
(Thể hiện bạn
đang lắng
nghe)
1. Now, you mentioned… 2. So, that’s how…?
3. Yes, I was going to ask you about that… 4. Could you give me / us
an example of…?
5. Could you explain in more detail…?
Thanking and
responding
( Cảm ơn và
đáp lại lời cảm
ơn )
1. Many thanks. 2. Thanks a lot. 3. Cheers!
4. That’s very kind of you. 5. Thank you very much 6. Not at
all.
7. It’s a pleasure. / My pleasure. 8. You’re welcome. 9. Don’t
mention it.
10. Any time. 11. That’s OK / all right.
12. I’m glad to have been of some help
Apologizing
( Xin lỗi )
1. Sorry 2. I’m
very/awfully/so/extremely sorry.
3. Excuse me. 4. Sorry, (it was) my fault.
5. I do apologize. 6. Please accept my apologies
Accepting an
apology
( Chấp nhận
lời xin lỗi)
1. That’s all right/OK. 2. Not to worry.
3. That’s quite/perfectly all right. 4. No reason/need to
apologize.
5. Don’t worry about it
Giving
instructions
( Đưa ra lời
hướng dẫn )
1. Make sure… 2. Remember… (to do).
3. Be careful… (not to do). 4. Don’t forget… (to do)
5. Giving directions 6. Go straight on.
7. Take the first/second on the left / right. 8. Turn left / right.
9. Go along… as far as… 10. Take the number 7 bus /
tram.
11. Get off (the bus / tram) at… (place). 12. Carry on until you see…
13. Look out for..
Checking
someone has
understood
( K.tra xem ai
đã hiểu hay
1. Are you with me?
2. Did you follow that?
3. Have you got that?
4. Is everything clear so far?48
chưa) 5. Does that seem to make sense
Exercise
Choose the best option
1. Tom: “How do you do?” – Jerry: “………………….”
A. yes, OK B. Not too bad C. How do you do? D. I’m well
2. A: “Bye!” – B: “ ………”
A. See you lately B. See you later C. Thank you D. Meet you again
3. A: “ I’ve passed my exam.” - B: “………………….”
A. Good luck B. It’s nice of you to say so
C. That’s a good idea. D. Congratulations!
4. A: “ Would you like to have dinner with me?” B: “ …………”
A. Yes, I’d love to B. I’m very happy C. Yes, It is D. Yes, so do I
5. Peter: “ I enjoy listening to pop music.” Mary: “………………..”
A. I’m, too B. I don’t C. Neither do I D. So am I
6. Ann: “ Are you going to visit Britain next month?” Kim: “Yes,……………..”
A. I am B. I do C. I like D. I going
7. Bob: “ James is a very brave man.” David: “ Yes, I wish …………..his courage.”
A. had B. will have C. have had D. have
8. David: “ You’ve got a beautiful dress!” Helen: “ …………..”
A. I do B. Thanks for your compliment C. You too D. OK
9. Sue: “ I love pop music” Alice: “ ………………”
A. I do, too B. No, I won’t C. Yes, I like it D. Neither do I
10. Ann: “ What do you usually do on Sunday?” Mary: “ …………….”
A. I used to drive to work B. I’d be sleeping all day
C. I’m not doing anything D. I usually sleep until noon.
11. Jack: “ I’ve got to go, Sarah. So long.” So long, Jack. And ……………”
A. be careful B. don’t hurry C. take care D. don’t take it
12. Mary: “ That’s a very nice skirt you are wearing.” Julia: “ …………..”
A. That’s nice B. I like it C. That’s all right D. I’m glad you like it
13. David: “ Happy Christmas!” Jason: “ …………..”
A. You are the same! B. Same for you! C. The same to you D. Happy Christmas.
14. Tom: “ …………………..?” Jerry: “ Once a week”
A. How often do you go shopping B. How much do you want
C. Are you sure D. When will you get there
15. Peter: “ Sorry, I’m late.” Mary: “ ………….”
A. OK B. Don’t worry C. Hold the line please D. Go ahead
16. Davis: “ Good morning. My name is Davis. I have a reservation.” Andy: “…………”
A. What do you want? B. Yes, a single room for two nights?
C. I haven’t decided yet. What about you? D. What do you like?49
17. Mary: “ I’ve got an interview for a job tomorrow.” – Peter: “ ………..”
A. Thank you B. Same to you C. Good luck D. See you
18. A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” – B: “ ……………..”
A. Go ahead B. Not at all C. come on D. I’m pleased you like it
19. A: Are you coming on Saturday? – B: ……………..
A. I’m afraid not B. I’m afraid not to C. I’m afraid to D. I’m afraid I don’t
20. A: ………… do they travel abroad? – B: Once a year.
A. When B. How C. What time D. How often
21. A: Do you think you’ll get the job? – B: ………….
A. I know so B. Well, I hope so C. I think so D. Yes, that’s right
22. A: I’m getting married next week. – B: …………….
A. Thanks, the same to you B. Congratulations! C. Well done D. Sorry to hear that
23. A: How’s life? – B: ………………
A. Sure B. Not too bad C. Fine, thanks D. Pleased to meet you.
24. A: Excuse me, what’s the time? – B: Sorry, I ………………
A. don’t see B. don’t have a watch C. won’t know D. know
25.”Have a nice weekend.”-“…”
A. You are the same B. The same to you C. so do I D. Will you?
26.Would you mind if I smoke? -……..
A. Never mind B. Yes, please don’t C. Not at all D. Yes, please do
27.Excuse me, is anybody sitting here?- …….
A. No,thanks B. Yes, I’m so glad C. Sorry, the seat is taken D. Yes, Yes you can sit here
28.Shall we start now?-…….
A. Yes,we are B. Yes, let’s C. Of course not D. No, no
29.Your desk-mate failed in the oral test? –“…..........”
A. I’m sorry to hear that C. Oh, I know
B. In which respect D. It’s hard for me to express myself in English
30. A: Thank you for a lovely evening? – B: ………………
A. Don’t mention it B. I’m glad you enjoyed it
C. Yes, I’d like that D. Yes, that would be very nice
VI.Tag questions.
Câu hỏi đuôi là phần câu hỏi thêm vào sau một câu thường ở trước đó. Câu hỏi đuôi dùng để xác nhận
ý nêu ra ở câu trước đó vá người hỏi thường dự kiến trước một câu trả lời đồng ý.
PhÇn c©u th-êng ë phÝa tr-íc PhÇn c©u hái ®u«i C©u ®¸p l¹i ®-îc sù kiÖn
Mary is here, isn’t she ? Yes, she is.
Mary won’t be absent, will she ? No, she won’t.
She looks happy, doesn’t she ? Yes she does.
You don’t work hard, do you ? No, I don’t.50
I’m all right now, aren’t I ? Yes , you are.
There is a meeting today, isn’t there ? Yes, there is.
This is a book, isn’t it ? Yes, it is.
Those aren’t your books, are they ? No, they aren’t.
Everyone is ready, Aren’t they ? No, they aren’t.
Somebody has come, Haven’t they ? Yes, they have.
Everything was cheap then, Wasn’t it ? Yes, it was.
No one came late, Did they ? No , no one did.
Nothing has gone wrong, Has it ? No, nothing has
Let’s go out, Shall we ? Yes let’s.
Sit down, Won’t you/ will you ? Yes , I will.
Don’t look at your book, Will you ? No, I won’t.
He ought to practise more
regularly,
Shouldn’t he ? Yes, he should.
Not a single word wasn;t it?
Exercise
Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. She’s finished the course, _________?
A. isn’t she B. doesn’t she C. didn’t she D. hasn’t she
2. Let’s go out for dinner, _________?
A. do we B. don’t we C. will we D. shall we
3. You’ve never had a girlfriend before, _________ you?
A. haven’t B. have C. had D. hadn’t
4. You have tea for breakfast, _________ you?
A. didn’t B. haven’t C. don’t D. won’t
5. You stopped at the traffic lights, _________ you?
A. don’t B. do C. did D. didn’t
6. Many young people want to work for a humanitarian organization, _________ ?
A. doesn’t it B. does it C. didn’t they D. don’t they
7. You haven’t met each other, _________?
A. have you B. do you C. did you D. will you
8. John gave you the book yesterday, _________?
A did he B. didn’t he C. did John D. didn’t it
9. You don’t know where she is, _________?
A. don’t you B. do you C. isn’t she D. is she
10. You can speak English, _________ ?
A. can’t you B. can you C. do you D. don’t you51
Nội dung: 1: Reported speech
2: Article
3: Preppositions
PART I: REPORTED SPEECH
We use direct speech ( sentence in quotation marks) when we repeat someone’s word
and indirect speech when we use our own words to report what someone says.
Example:
Direct speech: My mother said to me “ I will give you a present.”
(reporting verb) động từ tường thuật
Indirect speech: My mother said to me she would give me a present.
* Changes in indirect speech.
1. Khi động từ tường thuật ở dạng past form (said, told,...) chúng ta phải đổi
thì.
Direct speech(TT) Indirect
speech(GT)
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present simple Past simple Go went
Present progressive Past progressive am/ is/ are going was/ were going
Past simple Past perfect Went had gone
Past progressive Past perfect
progressive
was/ were going had been going
Present perfect simple Past perfect has/ have gone had gone
Present perfect
progressive
Past perfect
progressive
has/ have been
going
had been going
Future Conditional will go
must
may/ might
could / would/
should / ought to
would go
had to
might /
could / would /
should / ought to
Example: Peter said: "Carol is a nice girl." -> Peter said (that) Carol was a nice girl.
1. Chúng ta đổi pronouns phù hợp.
- Ngôi thứ nhất ( I / We) dổi trùng với chủ ngữ (người nói) của mệnh đề chính52
Direct speech Indirect speech
She said I - my – me she - her - her
He said I - my – me he - his - him
They said we - our - us they - their - them
- Ngôi thứ hai ( You and your ) đổi trùng với tân ngữ( Người nghe) của mệnh đề
chính
1. Susan said: "My parents are clever scientists."
➢ Susan said (that) her parents were clever scientists.
2. Tom said: "I like PE best."  Tom said (that) he liked PE best.
3. They said: "We went swimming with our friends."
➢ They said (that) they had gone swimming with their friend.
4. Betty said: "Sam told me the truth."
➢ Betty said (that) Sam had told her the truth.
3.Adverbials of time and place.
Direct speech Indirect speech
TTTT Time
right now
now
ago
at once
then / at that time / immediately
before
today
tonight
that day
that night
Yesterday
the day before yesterday
The day before / the previous day
two days before

THẦY CÔ TẢI NHÉ!