TÀI LIỆU Tài liệu ôn thi ielts writing: IDEAS FOR VSTEP SPEAKING AND WRITING

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1. Advertising ........................................................................................................................................... 2
2. Animal rights ........................................................................................................................................ 3
3. Cities ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
4. Crime..................................................................................................................................................... 5
5. Education .............................................................................................................................................. 8
6. Environment ....................................................................................................................................... 14
7. Family ................................................................................................................................................. 17
8. Gender ................................................................................................................................................ 18
9. Genetic Engineering ........................................................................................................................... 19
10. Global issues ....................................................................................................................................... 20
11. Government and Society ................................................................................................................... 22
12. Guns and Weapons ............................................................................................................................ 23
13. Health ................................................................................................................................................. 25
14. Housing and Architecture .................................................................................................................. 27
15. Language............................................................................................................................................. 27
16. Money................................................................................................................................................. 28
17. Personality.......................................................................................................................................... 28
18. Sport and Leisure ............................................................................................................................... 29
19. Television, Internet, Phones .............................................................................................................. 31
20. Tourism ............................................................................................................................................... 32
21. Traditional vs Modern........................................................................................................................ 33
22. Transport ............................................................................................................................................ 34
23. Water .................................................................................................................................................. 35
24. Work ................................................................................................................................................... 36
25. Enviroment............................................................................................................................... 39
IDEAS FOR VSTEP SPEAKING AND WRITING
1. Advertising
Positives of Advertising
Advertising is a key part of modern business
Companies need to tell customers about their products
Advertisements inform us about the choices we have
Advertising is a creative industry that employs many people
Without advertising we would have less choice
Without advertising there would be higher unemployment
Advertising is a form of modern art
People enjoy adverts
Negatives of Advertising
Advertising manipulates people
It aims to persuade people that buying a product will make them happier
Advertisers focus on selling a brand image
They use glamorous, successful people
We now live in a consumer culture
We are persuaded to follow the latest trend
We are encouraged to associate certain brands with a higher status
Advertisers often aim their marketing at children
Children can easily be influenced by advertisements.
Children put pressure on parents to buy them things
Opinions about Advertising
Advertising should be regulated
Advertising aimed at children should be controlled or even banned
Unhealthy foods should not be marketed in a way that attracts children
Products that can be risk to healthy should display warnings
In some countries it is illegal to advertise cigarettes on television
Warnings must be displayed on cigarette packets
However, advertising is necessary in free market economies
It creates demand for products
Governments should only censor false information or products that are harmful
2. Animal rights
Arguments for Animal testing
Animals are used in important scientific research
It is necessary to do medical tests on new drugs
Animal testing helps to advance medical and scientific knowledge
Many important medical discoveries involved experimentation on animals
Researchers aim to minimize the suffering that animals experience
Testing for the cosmetics industry is now banned in many countries
Arguments against Animal Testing
The benefits of research using animals do not justify the suffering caused
There are alternative methods of research
The lives of animals should be respected
Humans have no moral right to do experiments on animals
Arguments for Vegetarianism
Vegetarians do not eat foods that are produced by killing animals
Many people choose a vegetarian diet for moral or health reasons
A healthy diet is possible without eating meat
It is unnecessary to kill animal for food
A vegetarian diet may reduce the risk of disease like cancer
Many people question the treatment of animals in factory farms
Arguments against Vegetarianism
Vegetarians do not eat a balanced diet
In many cultures, meat is the main ingredient in traditional meals
Meat-eaters argue that animals are below humans in the food chain
It is completely natural for us to kill them for food
Our aim should be improve farming methods
Farms should produce organic food
Positives of Zoos
Zoos paly an important role in wildlife conservation
They can help to protect endangered species
Zoos allow scientists to study animals and their behavior
Zoos are educational, interesting and fun
Children, in particular, enjoy learning about animals
Zoos provide job opportunities.
Negatives of Zoos
Zoo animals are kept in artificial environments
They are kept in cages or have limited space
Zoo animals rely on humans
They lose the freedom to hunt for food
They best way to save endangered species is by protecting natural habitats.
Some people believe that zoos are unethical
Zoos exhibits animals with the aim of making money
We have no right to use animals for entertainment and profit.
3. Cities
Reasons for Urbanization
People move to cities in search of job opportunities
Cities offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of living
People migrate to cities from the countryside
Traditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays
Negatives of City Life
Life in cities has its drawbacks
The cost of living is higher than in rural areas
Some people d not manage to find work
Housing is usually much more expensive
Homelessness and poverty are common on cities
There is a gap between rich and poor
Life in cities can be extremely stressful
There are problems like traffic congestion and crime
Cities lack a sense of community
People do not even know their neighbor
Cities are sometimes described as “concrete jungles”.
Pedestrian Areas
Pedestrian zones in city centre can improve the local environment
Banning cars encourages people to walk or cycle
Many European cities have built bicycle lanes
Dependence on cars is linked to health problems like obesity
People who walk or cycle regularly are generally healthier
Pedestrian areas are safer and more attractive for both residents and tourists
4. Crime
Police and Crime Prevention
The job of the polices is to catch criminals
They must also prevent crime and make communities safer
There should be an increase in the number of police officers on the streets
Police officers should be seen as part of the community
They should be involved with education and prevention
The police should be in close contact with schools
They should focus on young people who have dropped out of school.
These teenagers may become involved with gangs
Punishments/Prisons
Fines are used as punishment for minor crimes
If the crime is more serious, prison is the most common punishment
Some criminals pose a threat to society
They are put in prison to ensure the safety of other citizens
Negatives of Prisons
Criminals are put together
They make friends with other offenders
Many prisoners re-offend when they are released
A criminal record makes finding a job more difficult
Rehabilitation
Another aim of prisons is rehabilitation
Prisoners receive education of vocational training
Prisoners should learn personal skills and specific job skills
Punishment could make prisoners’ behavior worse
Rehabilitation aims to make them better citizens

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