ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 HK2 RẤT HAY

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ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 HK2 RẤT HAY

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN THI HỌC KỲ II MÔN ANH LỚP 8

GIÁO VIÊN: TRẦN THỊ PHƯƠNG MAI​

1. Adjectives followed by an infinitive or a clause.

(Tính töø ñöôïc theo sau bôûi moät ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu hay moät meänh ñeà.)

a.Tính töø chæ caûm giaùc thöôøng ñöôïc theo sau bôûi moät cuïm ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu (infinitive phrase).

S + be (not) + adjective + to infinitive.

Ex .: I’m glad to meet you again.

He was surprised to get me letter.

Moät soá tính töø khaùc nhö : sure, certain, right, careful, lucky, wrong, … ñöôïc theo sau bôûi moät cuïm ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu. Ex . : He’s certain to win the game. Be careful not to dirty the picture.

b.Moät soá tính töø coù theå ñöôïc theo sau bôûi moät meänh ñeà danh töø (a noun clause).

Ex: I’m glad ( that ) you can make it.

S + be (not) + adjective + that + Clause.

2. In order to – so as to + V( base form) : ñöôïc duøng ñeå dieãn taû muïc ñích

Ex: He’s saving money in order to / so as to go on holiday next summer.

3. Future simple Tense ( Thì töông lai ñôn)

- Use : Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng seõ xaûy ra taïi moät thôøi ñieåm naøo ñoù trong töông lai.

- Form : + S + will / shall + V + …………… Ex: He will finish his homework tomorrow .

- S+ won’t / shan’t + V + ……………….. Lan won’t go to the zoo next week.

? Will / Shall + S + V + …………………. ? Will you do this exercise

4 . The passive form (voice)

Form: BE + V3 /V-ed (past participle)

Caáu truùc cuûa caâu bò ñoäng

Subject + be = past participle + by + object

This tree was planted by my grand father

S be pp O

Caùch ñoåi caâu chuû ñoäng sang caâu bò ñoäng:

Muoán ñoåi moät caâu chuû ñoäng sang caâu bò ñoäng, ta thöïc hieän nhöõng böôùc sau:

Active : S V O

Passive : S V(3) by + O

(be + pp)

Ex: They sell jeans all over the world. => Jeans are sold all over the world.

Note:

- Khi chuû ngöõ caâu chuû ñoäng laø: THEY, PEOPLE, SOMEONE, NO ONE, ANYONE thì khi ñoåi sang caâu bò ñoäng khoâng coù By agent . Nhöng khi danh töø laøm chuû ngöõ baét buoäc phaûi coù agent

- Vôùi ñoäng töø ñaëc bieät (modal verbs): CAN, MUST, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD, WILL,. . . ta phaûi theâm BE tröôùc khi chuyeån ñoäng töø chính sang daïng PAST PARTICIPLE.

S + must/should/can + be + V-ed / V3 (past participle)​

Ex : You must do this exercise carefully. => This exercise must be done carefully.

5. -ed and -ing participle( Quaù khöù vaø hieän taïi phaân töø )

- Hieân taïi phaân töø “- ING” coøn goïi laø phaân töø taùc ñoäng. Ex: His job is boring.

- Quaù khöù phaân töø “ – ED” coøn goïi laø phaân töø bò taùc ñoäng. Ex: This clock is broken.

* Quaù khöù vaø hieän taïi phaân töø : Ñöùng tröôùc danh töø, hoaëc sau ñoäng töø lieân keát

Ex: A tired worker is sleeping on the chair. The story is interesting

* Quaù khöù vaø hieän taïi phaân töø: ñöôïc duøng ñeå ruùt goïn meänh ñeà tính töø

Ex: The boy is in my class . He’s reading a book. ® The boy reading a book is in my class.

There are many books. They are written in English. ® There are many books written in English.

6. Past progressive ( Thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn )

- Form : WAS / WERE + Present pasticiple ( V-ing )

- Use: - dieãn taû söï kieän xaûy ra ôû moät thôøi ñieåm cuï theå ( giôø ) trong quaù khöù

Ex: What were you doing at 2 p.m. yesterday?

- dieãn taû moät söï kieän ñang dieãn tieán baát chôït moät söï kieän khaùc xaûy ñeán ôû quaù khöù.

Ex: Last night when I was doing homework, the electricity went out.

- dieãn taû hai hay nhieàu söï kieän xaûy ra cuøng moät luùc song song ôû quaù khöù

Ex: Last Friday as I was swimming at the pool, my father was visiting the City Museum.

* Note: Thì quá khöù tieáp dieãn thöôøng duøng vôùi WHEN,WHILE hay AS ñeå chæ söï kieän ñang dieãn tieán.

* ALWAYS with the past progressive: always duøng vôùi thì tieáp dieãn ñeå dieãn taû söï kieän thöôøng xuyeân xaûy ra vôùi söï khoâng haøi loøng hay than phieàn (Ex: He was always coming to work late.)

7.Compound nouns ( danh töø keùp)

- Noun + Gerund : danh töø laøm tuùc töø cho danh ñoäng töø. Ex: fire – making , rice – cooking, …

- Gerund + Noun : danh ñoäng töø phaân loaïi danh töø , chæ loaïi vaø muïc ñích cho danh töø.

Ex: Washing-machine; working- condition; waiting – room ; . . .

8. Reported speech ( lôøi noùi traàn thuaät) laø caâu thuaät laïi moät caùch giaùn tieáp lôøi noùi​

cuûa ngöôøi khaùc. Ñeå chuyeån töø tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp chuùng ta phaûi:

* Moät soá thay ñoåi veà thì (Tense change) :- Neáu ñoäng töø thöôøng thuaät (reporting verb) cuûa caâu ôû thì quaù khöù thì phaûi luøi ñoäng töø chính veà quaù khöù moät baäc khi chuyeån töø lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp (direct speech) sang lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp (indirect / reported speech) theo quy taéc sau :

Speaker’s words Reported statement Speaker’s words Reported statement

will / shall ® would / should present simple ® past simple

am / is / are going to ® was / were going to present continuous ® past continuous

past continuous ® past perfect continuous must ® had to

present perfect ® past perfect past simple ® past perfect

can ® could

Ex: Direct speech: “I’ll talk to Hoa.”said he. ® Reported speech: He said he would talk to Hoa main verb reporting verb

- Neáu ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät ôû thì hieän taïi thì thì cuûa ñoäng töø chính ñöôïc giöõ nguyeân khi chuyeån lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp sang giaùn tieáp.Traïng töø chæ nôi choán,thôøi gian vaø ñaïi töø chæ ñònh ñöôïc giöõ nguyeân.

Ex: Direct speech : “I’m arriving at about 6.00.”says Brenda.

Reported speech : Brenda says she’s arriving at about 6.00.

Note: - Coù theå duøng hoaëc khoâng duøng “that” sau ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät.

Ví duï : He said (that) he wasn’t going.

- says / say to + O ® tells / tell = O said to + O ® told + O

Exï : He told (said to) Helen (that) he didn’t like coffee.

- Moät soá ñoäng töø khoâng thay ñoåi khi chuyeån sang lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp.

Would ® would, could ® could, might ® might, should ® should, ought to ® ought to​

* Moät soá chuyeån ñoåi khaùc (Some other changes) : Khi chuyeån töø lôøi noùi tröïc tieáp sang giaùn tieáp maø ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät ôû thì quaù khöù thì caùc traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán vaø ñaïi töø chæ ñònh ñöôïc chuyeån ñoåi theo quy taéc sau :

Speaker’s words statement Reported

today / tonight that day / that night

tomorrow the next day / the following day

yesterday the day before /the previous day

ago / now before / then

next/ on Monday the next/ following Monday

last Monday the previous Monday / the Monday before

the day after tomorrow in two days’ time / two days later

this / these that / those

here there

Ex: Direct speech : “ I’m leaving here tomorrow,” said Mary

Reported speech : Mary said (that) she was leaving there the next day.

9.Reported questions (caâu hoûi traàn thuaät)khoâng coù cuøng traät töï töø (trôï ñoäng töø tröôùc chuû ngöõ)nhö caâu hoûi tröïc tieáp.Trôï ñoäng töø “do,does,did”vaø daáu hoûi khoâng xuaát hieän trong caâu.​

- Yes – No questions : thöôøng ñöôïc môû ñaàu baèng caùc ñoäng töø nhö “ ask, inquire, wonder,….” Vaø ta duøng “if” hay “whether” trong lôøi noùi traàn thuaät vaø theo sau caùc ñoäng töø môû ñaàu .

Ex: “ Do you see new friend?” he said ® He asked if you saw new friends.

- Wh –questions : Thöôøng ñöôïc baét ñaàu baèng caùc ñoäng töø “ask, wonder,want to know . . .”vaø theo sau laø caùc nghi vaán töø : who,which,whom,what,. . .

Ex: “ Who is going for a walk?” he asked them. ® He asked them who was going for a walk.

10.

* Would / Do you + mind + Ving . . ? dieãn taû lôøi yeâu caàu lòch söï .

-Do you mind +if I+ V- ? Ex:Do you mind if I open the window?.

- Would you mind if + I + V -2/ed. . .? dieãn taû yeâu caàu ñöôïc laøm ñieàu gì

Ex: Would you mind if I opened the window? Do you mind if I open the window?

11. Present perfect tense( Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh )

(+) S + have/has + already + V3/ed

(-) S + have/has + not + already + V3/ed​

Ex: I have already finished this work.

Ex: Have you finished this work yet.

Ex: Have you ever been to Hue? I have never gone.

* For : Chæ thôøi gian keùo daøi bao laâu. Ex: You have studied English for 4 years.

* Since: thôøi gian baét ñaàu töø luùc naøo Ex: She has studied English since 2003.

EXERCISES​

I. Grammar and Vocabulary

1. Tom ___ his hand when he was cooking dinner. (burnt / was burning / has burnt / burn)

2. Cool the burns immediately so as to ______ tissue damage. (ease / relieve / minimize /