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TÀI LIỆU Tổng hợp cấu trúc ngữ pháp tiếng anh ĐẦY ĐỦ được soạn dưới dạng file word gồm 12 trang. Các bạn xem và tải tổng hợp cấu trúc ngữ pháp tiếng anh về ở dưới.
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Structures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1. Maát bao nhieâu thôøi gian ñeå … : It + Takes / Took + Object +Time+ To Infinitive . 2.The extra object It : S + V + It + Adj / Noun / Noun Phrase + To Infinitive . Verbs : Think , made , find , feel , believe , consider , prove… 3. Clauses and phrases of purpose : Meänh ñeà vaø cuïm töø chæ muïc ñích. @ Phrases of Purpose : 3.1 Ä Main clause + To / So as to / In order to + Verb ( bare infinitive ). 3.2 ÄMain clause + Not to / So as not to / In order not to + Verb ( bare infinitive ). 3.3 ÄIn order [ for + Object ]+ ( not ) to infinitive . à( Khaùc chuû ngöõ ) @ Clauses of Purpose : can / could 3.4 ÄMain clause + so that / in order that + S + (not)+Verb (bare infinitive). will / would 4. Clauses and phrases of result : Meänh ñeà vaø cuïm töø chæ keát quaû. 4.1 @ Clauses of result : * S + V + So + Adj / Adv + That + Clause.( S+ can / could + (not) +Verb (bare infinitive)) * S + V + Such + (A /An) + Adj + Noun + That + Clause. 4.2 @ Phrases of result : * S + V + Too + Adj / Adv + ( For + Object ) + To Infinitive . * S + V + Adj / Adv + Enough + ( For + Object ) + To Infinitive . 5. Wish Clauses : Meänh ñeà ao öôùc. 5.1 @Future wish : S + wish + S + would / could + Verb ( bare inf ). 5.2 @ Present wish : S + wish + S + were (not) / Verb (coät 2 / ed) / didn’t verb (bare infinitive). 5.3 @ Past wish : S + wish + S + Had (not) + Verb (pp). 6. Clauses and phrases of reason /concession : Meänh ñeà&cuïm töø chæ lí do/ söï nhöôïng boä L Because / although / though … L Because of / In spite of / despite 6.1 S + be + adj Possessive + noun 6.2 The / possessive +N+ be + adj The / possessive + adj + N 6.3 S + V (tenses ) + … ( Possessive ) + ( not ) + V-ing @Neáu 2 meänh ñeà noái vôùi nhau baèng “BUT” . Khi vieát laïi caâu vôùi Although / though , ta chæ caàn boû “BUT” roài ñöa although / though vaøo meänh ñeà ñaàu. 7. Comparision of Adjectives and Adverbs : Caâu so saùnh 7.1 @ Equal Comparisions : S + V + as / so + adj / adv + as + noun / pronoun. 7.2 @ Unequal Comparisions : Short adj / adv + er °S + V + + than + noun / pronoun. More + long adj / adv 7.3 @ Superlatives : Short adj / adv + EST S + V + the + + ( prepositional phrase ) Most + long adj / adv 7.4 @ Double comparations:L so saùnh keùp : Caøng … caøng °The + short adj / adv + er + S + V , The + short adj / adv + er + S + V. °The more + long adj / adv + S + V , The more + long adj / adv + S + V. 8. Reported speech : Caâu töôøng thuaät 8.1 @Commands : (+) : “V (bare inf)+ O…” S + asked / told + O + To Infinitive + O… (_) : “Don’t + V (bare inf)” S + asked / told + O + Not to Infinitive … 8.2 @Statements : “S + V + …” S + told / said to + O + S + V ( luøi thì ) … 8.3 @Questions : °Yes / no questions : wanted to know “ Aux + S + V …” S + asked / told + O + If/Whether + S + V ( luøi thì ) … wondered °Wh_ questions : wanted to know “ Why + Aux + S + V …” S + asked / told + O + Wh+ S + V ( luøi thì ) … wondered Notes : Khi gaëp caâu ñk loaïi 2 & 3 , caâu coù thôøi gian xaùc ñònh cuï theå khoâng luøi thì . 9. Ñoåi thì khi vieát caâu : 9.1 @ Started/Began+to inf/V-ing+time ago. Has/have+V(3/ed) +since/for+time. Has/have+been+V-ing+since/for+time. 9.2 @ S + has / have + not + V ( 3 / ed ) +(O)+ since / for + time. Last + V ( 2 / ed ) + (O) + time ago. It ‘s + time + since + S + V ( 2 / ed ) + (O). The last time + S + V ( 2 / ed ) + (O) + was + time ago. 9.3 @ S + has / have + never / not + V ( 3 / ed ) + O + before. This is the first time + S + has / have + V ( 3 / ed ) + O. 9.4 @ S + has / have + never / not + V ( 3 / ed ) + such + ( a/an ) + N + before. This is the first time + S + has / have + V ( 3 / ed ) + such + ( a/an ) + N. This / It is the most + long adj + N + S + has / have + ever + V ( 3 / ed ) . the short adj + EST + N + S + has / have + ever + V ( 3 / ed ) . 10. Caùc caáu truùc lieân quan ñeán “USE” : 10.1 @Be used to / get used to + V-ing / Noun : Quen vôùi 10.2 @Be used to + V (bare inf) / Be used for + V-ing : Ñöôïc duøng ñeå 10.3 @Used to + V (bare inf) : Ñaõ töøng 10.4 @Use sth up / Be used up : Söû duïng / ñöôïc söû duïng heát 10.5 @Use sth + To infinitive : Söû duïng ñeå 11. Inversion : Caáu truùc ñaûo ngöõ. Khi caùc traïng töø mang nghóa phuû ñònh ( Seldom , Rarely , Never , No sooner , Hardly , Not until , No longer … ) ñöôïc ñaët ôû ñaàu caâu. Phaûi ñaûo ngöõ trôï töø. 12. Subject and Verb agreement : 12.1 R Singular subjects Singular verbs R Plural subjects Plural verbs 12.2 @ Chuû ngöõ soá ít : J Caùc danh töø chæ : tieàn , khoaûng caùch , thôøi gian , beänh taät ( measles ,mumps ,rickets…) , moân hoïc ( physics , mathematics , economics , politics , statistics ,linguistics , athletics …) , danh töø rieâng (Athens, the Philippines, Wales , the United Nations , the United States, Brussels …) ,töïa ñeà cuûa saùch/truyeän ( TOM and JERRY ) ,caùc danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc , V-ing / To infinitive phrases , meänh ñeà , Each / every… / no… / one … Ñoäng töø chia soá ít : is , was , has , does not , V s/es. 12.3 @ Chuû ngöõ soá nhieàu : J Caùc danh töø taän cuøng baèng“S”(tröø nhöõng tröôøng hôïp treân ) : clothes-trousers- jeans… , the+Adj (the deaf ,the rich , the poor …) , People / police / poultry / cattle / team / staff / chilren / women / public / audience … , Both / many / several / few / some / a large number - a mount of … Ñoäng töø chia soá nhieàu : are , were , have , do not , V (inf.) 12.4 @ Caùc tröôøng hôïp duøng töø noái : J Either or Neither + S1 + nor + S2 V depends on S2 Not only but also J S1 + with / together with + S2 V depends on S1 as well as / along with J N1 / Pronoun1 + in / on / of + N2 / Pronoun2 V depends on N1 J A number of + Noun Plural verb The number of + Noun Singular verb J There + be + Noun Be phuï thuoäc vaøo Noun J All / some / none / plenty / half / most / the rest / a lot / lots + of + Plural noun Plural verb All / some / none / plenty / half / most / the rest / a lot / lots + of + Singular noun Singular verb 13. Active and passive voice :
@ Chuû ngöõ trong caâu chuû ñoäng laø :I,we,you,he,she,it,they,people,someone,somebody… Khi ñoåi sang caâu bò ñoäng laø: by me,us,you,him,her,it,them,people,somebody….thì boû ñi. @ Chuû ngöõ caâu chuû ñoäng laø anybody , anyone , anything … khi ñoåi sang caâu bò ñoäng phaûi chuyeån thaønh nobody , no one , nothing … vaø chuyeån ñoäng töø sang ngöôïc theå . @ Neáu trong caâu chuû ñoäng coù 2 taân ngöõ, moät trong 2 taân ngöõ coù theå laøm chuû ngöõ trong caâu bò ñoäng. @ By + O ñöùng tröôùc traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian vaø ñöùng sau traïng ngöõ chæ nôi choán trong caâu bò ñoäng . @ Neáu taân ngöõ trong caâu bò ñoäng chæ söï vaät , söï vieäc thì duøng giôùi töø “with” thay cho “by” tröôùc taân ngöõ ñoù . J Daïng nhôø baûo ( Causative forms ) : Active : S + have + O ( ngöôøi ) + bare infinitive + O ( vaät ). S + get + O ( ngöôøi ) + to infinitive + O ( vaät ). Passive : Ê S + have / get + O ( vaät ) + V (pp) + by O (ngöôøi). 14. Relative clauses : Meänh ñeà lieân heä 14.1 @ WHO : used for people ( Subject ) Ì WHO + Verb 14.2 @ WHOM : used for people ( Object ) Ì WHOM + S + Verb him,her,them,you,us,me… 14.3 @ WHOSE : used to show possession Ì WHOSE + Noun his,her,their,your,our,my… 14.4 @ WHICH : used for things ( Subject / Object ) Ì WHICH + ( S ) + Verb 14.5 @ WHERE : used to modify a place Ì At / In / On + WHICH , there 14.6 @ WHEN : used to modify a noun of time Ì At / In / On + WHICH , then 14.7 @ WHY : used to introduce a reason Ì The reason , for the reason Notes : j Neáu coù caùc cuïm töø : Neither of them , All of them , Some of them , Any of them … Ä Neither of / All of / Some of / Any of … + which / whom k 15. Conditional clauses : If clauses Main clauses Real condition : Coù thaät S + V(s/es) / am,is,are S + will/shall/can/may (not) + V(bare inf) Present unreal condition : Khoâng thaät ôû hieän taïi S + V(2/ed) / were(not) S + would/could/should/might (not) + V(bare inf) Didn’t + V(bare inf) Past unreal condition : Khoâng thaät ôû quaù khöù S + had (not ) + V(3/ed) S + would/could/should/might (not) + have + V(3/ed) Notes : J Ñoái vôùi caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi 2 (were) hoaëc loaïi 3 ( had+V3/ed) , ta coù theå ñaûo ngöõ vaø boû “IF”. J Unless = If … not : If clauses Unless Theå phuû ñònh khaúng ñònh ( meänh ñeà chính khoâng ñoåi ) Theå khaúng ñònh khaúng ñònh (ñoåi ñoäng töø trong meänh ñeà chính sang ngöôïc theå ) J V (bare inf) + O + or + Clause If + Clause ( phuû ñònh ) , Clause Clause + by + V-ing If + Clause ( khaúng ñònh ) , Clause Without + N / N phrase ,Clause If there be not + N / N phrase ,Clause 16. Styles : Duøng tính töø thay cho danh töø ( hoaëc ngöôïc laïi ). Duøng ñoäng töø thay cho danh töø ( hoaëc ngöôïc laïi ). Duøng traïng töø thay cho tính töø ( hoaëc ngöôïc laïi ). Notes : J Khi ñoåi ta caàn löu yù söï thay ñoåi cuûa giôùi töø, tính töø , hoaëc traïng töø trong caâu. J Moät soá töø ñöôïc söû duïng döôùi daïng : Verb ó Noun vTo look at To have a look at : nhìn vaøo vTo think about/of To give a though to : nghó vTo tend to To have a tendency to : coù khuynh höôùng vTo desire to To have a desire to : ao öôùc vTo decide to To make a decision to : quyeát ñònh vTo talk to To have a talk with : noùi chuyeän vTo laugh at To give a laugh at : cöôøi nhaïo vTo contact sb To have contact with sb : lieân laïc , quan heä vTo love sb To fall in love with sb : yeâu ai vTo call/ring sb To give sb a call/ring : goïi ñieän cho… 17. Verb + Noun phrase + Preposition :
18. Prepositions following adjectives : Caùc giôùi töø theo sau tính töø J With At : clever , present , quick , skilful. J With With : acquainted , crowded , friendly , popular. J With In : interested , rich , successful. J With From : absent , different , safe. 19. Two – word verbs with “GO” : ª Go over : look at sth carefully , inspect sth. ª Go out : stop burning , be extinguished. ª Go on : take place,happen. continue without changing. continue speaking,after a short pause. ª Go off : be fired , explode. ª Go by : ( of time ) pass. ª Go back : return. ª Go away : leave a place. ª Go along : progress,develop. ª Go ahead : be carried out , take place. begin to do sth without hesitation. ª Go after : chase or pursue somebody. ª Go up : (of prices) become higher. ª Go down : (of prices) become lower. 20. Toång hôïp moât soá töø (coù giôùi töø ) caàn chuù yù : ( Unit 1 Unit 9 )
u In is used with : years,centuries,parts of the day,decades,seasons,months. v At is used with : times,holidays,weekends. w On is used with : dates,days of the week,special days. x No preposition is used with : Expressions with Ago , Tonight , This morning … , tomorrow , tomorrow morning … , yesterday , yesterday morning … , last … , next … . @ Since & For : Since + a point in time. [ moác thôøi gian ] For + a period of time. [ khoaûng thôøi gian ] 26. Pronunciation : 26.1 C “-ED”: a,When the verbs ends in /–t / or /–d / sounds,we pronounce the final syllable as:“id” Eg: needed , wanted , decided , posted , added , waited , included , provided … b, After / s , ƒ , tƒ , k , p , f, x / sounds , we pronounce the final syllable as :“t” Eg: stopped,cooked, missed , laughed , pushed , wacthed , packed , washed , boxed c, Another sounds , we pronounce the final syllable as :“d” Eg: pulled , happened , married , smiled , opened … Exercises : Ø worked Ø combed Ø described Ø arranged Ø educated Ø smiled Ø reached Ø printed Ø bathed Ø bathed Ø showed Ø thanked Ø included Ø boxed Ø provided Ø camped 27. Prefix of degrees or sizes : OUT : ] Structure :
Eg : She lives happily. She outlived her husband by 10 years. ] Meaning : do sth better , faster , longer , etc. than… SUPER + Noun / Adj. Eg: Superman , Supermarket , Supersonic… ] Meaning : above , more than , better. SUR + Noun / Adj / Verb. Eg: Surname , Survive … ] Meaning : over , above. SUB + Noun / Adj / Verb. Eg: Subway , Substandard , Subsonic… ] Meaning : under , lower / less than. ÿ Boå xung phaàn 6. ( Clauses and phrases of reason /concession ) Ì
Verbs followed by To-infinitive: Verbs followed by A (pro) noun + an infinitive:
Verbs followed by Bare - Infinitive: 1. Sau caùc ñoäng töø giaùc quan : See - Hear - Smell - Feel - Taste - Watch - Notice - Touch … 2. Let , Help , Make , Observe , Have … 3. Sau caùc ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát : can / could / may / might / must … 4. Would please , would rather , had better … 23 . The order of Adjectives : Traät töï tính töø
Determiner : a/an/the/some/any/many/my/his ... /this/that/these/those ... Opinion : nice / wonder / excerllent / lovely / terrible / awful … Size : large / small / long / short / tall … Quality : clear / busy / famous / important … Age : old / new / young… Shape : round/square/fat/thin/wide/narrow… Colours : red / white / blue / green / black … Origin : British / Italian / Chinese / Japanese … Material : brick / paper / plastic / wooden / silver / golden… Purpose : alarm (clock) / tennis (court) / walking (boots) ... Exercises : 1. She is holding ( handbag / shiny / small / a / black ). 2. He has got ( tea / a / Japanese / cup / white / large / antique ). 3. Jack has just bought ( racket / tennis / expensive / a ). 4. ( Car / this / red / luxurious / Rolls-Royce ) is my father’s. 5. ( Desk / small / that / Chinese / writing ) is mine. 24. How + Adj / Adv ? 24.1 @ Age : How old are you ? 24.2 @ Height : How tall / high is he ? 24.3 @ Distance : How far is it from your home to school ? 24.4 @ Length : How long is this river ? 24.5 @ Speed : How fast can you jog ? 24.6 @ Width : How wide is your room ? 24.7 @ Depth : How deep is this pool ? 24.8 @ Weight : How heavy are those bags ? How much do you weigh ? 24.9 @ Frequency : How often do you visit your parents ? Time: How long will you stay here ? 24.10 @ Quantity : How much is that shoes ? How many students are there in your class ? Exercises : 1. They’ve stayed in Hanoi for 5 months. F How …………………………………………………………………? 2. His house is 250 square meters in width. F How …………………………………………………………? 3. My sister receives 4 letters once a week. F How ……………………………………………………………? 4 .He spent 15 minutes cleaning his bicycle yesterday. F How …………………………………… ? 5. A dozen of eggs costs 2 pounds. F How ……………………………………………………………………? |
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